Spiradoline (U-62066) is a drug which acts as a highly selective κ-opioidagonist.[1] It has analgesic,[2]diuretic,[3] and antitussive effects,[4] and produces subjective effects in animals similar to those of ketazocine and alazocine.[5] The main effect in humans is sedation, along with analgesic and diuretic effects, but significant side effects such as dysphoria and hallucinations have stopped it from being used clinically.[6]
^Vonvoigtlander PF, Lewis RA (July 1988). "Analgesic and mechanistic evaluation of spiradoline, a potent kappa opioid". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 246 (1): 259–62. PMID2839665.
^Kunihara M, Ohyama M, Nakano M, Hayashi S (1989). "Analgesic activity of spiradoline mesylate (U-62,066E), a kappa opioid agonist in mice". Life Sciences. 45 (13): 1191–8. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(89)90508-0. PMID2796604.
^Yamada K, Imai M, Yoshida S (January 1989). "Mechanism of diuretic action of U-62,066E, a kappa opioid receptor agonist". European Journal of Pharmacology. 160 (2): 229–37. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(89)90495-0. PMID2547626.
^Kamei J, Tanihara H, Kasuya Y (October 1990). "Antitussive effects of two specific kappa-opioid agonists, U-50,488H and U-62,066E, in rats". European Journal of Pharmacology. 187 (2): 281–6. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(90)90014-w. PMID2272363.
^Holtzman SG (July 2000). "Further characterization of the discriminative stimulus effects of spiradoline". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 66 (3): 517–22. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00172-6. PMID10899364. S2CID27712517.
Salvinorin A Also indirect D2 agonists, such as dopamine reuptake inhibitors (cocaine, methylphenidate), releasing agents (amphetamine, methamphetamine), and precursors (levodopa).