Bromine pentafluoride

Bromine pentafluoride
Names
	IUPAC name Bromine pentafluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7789-30-2 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	23008 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.234
EC Number	232-157-8;
PubChem CID	24606;
RTECS number	EF9350000;
UNII	UPI6B7Y9UQ;
UN number	1745
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID30894171 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/BrF5/c2-1(3,4,5)6 Key: XHVUVQAANZKEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/BrF5/c2-1(3,4,5)6 Key: XHVUVQAANZKEKF-UHFFFAOYAC;
	SMILES FBr(F)(F)(F)F;
Properties
Chemical formula	BrF5
Molar mass	174.894 g.mol−1
Appearance	Pale yellow liquid
Density	2.466 g/cm3
Melting point	−61.30 °C (−78.34 °F; 211.85 K)
Boiling point	40.25 °C (104.45 °F; 313.40 K)
Solubility in water	Reacts with water
Structure
Molecular shape	Square pyramidal
Hazards
Main hazards	Reacts violently with water, powerful oxidizer
Safety data sheet (SDS)	External MSDS
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H271, H305, H314, H330, H370, H371, H373
Precautionary statements	P210, P220, P221, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P283, P284, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P307+P311, P309+P311, P310, P314, P320, P321, P331, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	4 0 3 W; OX
Flash point	Non-flammable
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	none
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.1 ppm (0.7 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	N.D.
Related compounds
Other anions	Bromine monochloride
Other cations	Chlorine pentafluoride; Iodine pentafluoride
Related compounds	Bromine monofluoride; Bromine trifluoride
Supplementary data page
	Bromine pentafluoride (data page)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	(what is ?)
	Infobox references

Bromine pentafluoride, BrF₅, is an interhalogen compound and a fluoride of bromine. It is a strong fluorinating agent.

BrF₅ finds use in oxygen isotope analysis. Laser ablation of solid silicates in the presence of bromine pentafluoride releases O₂ for subsequent analysis.^[2] It has also been tested as an oxidizer in liquid rocket propellants and is used as a fluorinating agent in the processing of uranium.

Preparation[]

Bromine pentafluoride was first prepared in 1931 by the direct reaction of bromine with fluorine.^[3] This reaction is suitable for the preparation of large quantities, and is carried out at temperatures over 150 °C (302 °F) with an excess of fluorine:

Br₂ + 5 F₂ → 2 BrF₅

For the preparation of smaller amounts, potassium bromide is used:^[3]

KBr + 3 F₂ → KF + BrF₅

This route yields bromine pentafluoride almost completely free of trifluorides and other impurities.^[3]

Reactions[]

Bromine pentafluoride reacts violently with water, but it will form bromic acid and hydrofluoric acid (especially when moderated by dilution with acetonitrile), simple hydrolysis products:^[4]

BrF₅ + 3 H₂O → HBrO₃ + 5 HF

It is an extremely effective fluorinating agent, being able to convert most uranium compounds to uranium hexafluoride at room temperature.

Hazards[]

Bromine pentafluoride is severely corrosive to the skin, and its vapors are irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. In moist air, it will in fact release "smoke" containing hydrofluoric acid vapors coming from its reaction with the water in the air. Additionally, exposure to 100 ppm or more for more than one minute is lethal to most experimental animals. Chronic exposure may cause kidney damage and liver failure.^[5]

It may spontaneously ignite or explode upon contact with organic materials or metal dust.^[5]

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0065". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Clayton, R.; Mayeda, T. K. (1963). "The use of bromine pentafluoride in the extraction of oxygen from oxides and silicates for isotopic analysis". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 27 (1): 43–48. Bibcode:1963GeCoA..27...43C. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(63)90071-1.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hyde, G. A.; Boudakian, M. M. (1968). "Synthesis routes to chlorine and bromine pentafluorides". Inorganic Chemistry. 7 (12): 2648–2649. doi:10.1021/ic50070a039.
^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 834. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ ^a ^b Patnaik, Pradyot (2007). A comprehensive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical substances (3rd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. p. 480. ISBN 978-0-471-71458-3.

External links[]

WebBook page for BrF₅
International Chemical Safety Card 0974
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0065". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride and compounds fact sheet

‹ The template below (Fluorine compounds) is being considered for merging. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›

[PGCH-1] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0065". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[2] Clayton, R.; Mayeda, T. K. (1963). "The use of bromine pentafluoride in the extraction of oxygen from oxides and silicates for isotopic analysis". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 27 (1): 43–48. Bibcode:1963GeCoA..27...43C. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(63)90071-1.

[hyde-3] Hyde, G. A.; Boudakian, M. M. (1968). "Synthesis routes to chlorine and bromine pentafluorides". Inorganic Chemistry. 7 (12): 2648–2649. doi:10.1021/ic50070a039.

[4] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 834. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[patnaik1-5] Patnaik, Pradyot (2007). A comprehensive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical substances (3rd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. p. 480. ISBN 978-0-471-71458-3.

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