1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane

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1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane skeletal.svg
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 3D.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Other names
CFC-113
Freon 113
Frigen 113 TR
Freon TF
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.852 Edit this at Wikidata
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C2Cl3F3/c3-1(4,6)2(5,7)8 checkY
    Key: AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C2Cl3F3/c3-1(4,6)2(5,7)8
    Key: AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYAE
  • ClC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)F
Properties
C2Cl3F3
Molar mass 187.37 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor like carbon tetrachloride[1]
Density 1.56 g/mL
Melting point −35 °C (−31 °F; 238 K)
Boiling point 47.7 °C (117.9 °F; 320.8 K)
170 mg/L
Vapor pressure 285 mmHg (20 °C)[1]
Thermal conductivity 0.0729 W m−1 K−1 (300 K)[2]
Hazards
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LCLo (lowest published)
 250,000 ppm (mouse, 1.5 hr)
87,000 (rat, 6 hr)[3]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1000 ppm (7600 mg/m3)[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 1000 ppm (7600 mg/m3) ST 1250 ppm (9500 mg/m3)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 2000 ppm[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY  (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, also called trichlorotrifluoroethane or CFC-113, is a chlorofluorocarbon. It has the formula Cl2FC-CClF2. This colorless, volatile liquid is a versatile solvent.[4]

Atmospheric reactions[]

CFC-113 measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution free monthly mean mole fractions in parts-per-trillion.
Atmospheric concentration of CFC-113 since year 1992.

CFC-113 is a very unreactive chlorofluorocarbon. It remains in the atmosphere about 90 years,[5] sufficiently long that it will cycle out of the troposphere and into the stratosphere. In the stratosphere, CFC-113 can be broken up by ultraviolet radiation (where sunlight in the 190-225 nm (UV) range), generating chlorine radicals (Cl•), which initiate degradation of ozone requiring only a few minutes:[6][7]

C2F3Cl3 → C2F3Cl2 + Cl•
Cl• + O3 → ClO• + O2

This reaction is followed by:

ClO• + O → Cl• + O2

The process regenerates Cl• to destroy more O3. The Cl• will destroy an average of 100,000 O3 molecules during its atmospheric lifetime of 1–2 years. In some parts of the world, these reactions have significantly thinned the Earth's natural stratospheric ozone layer that shields the biosphere against solar UV radiation; increased UV levels at the surface can cause skin cancer or even blindness.[8]

Uses[]

CFC-113 was one of the most heavily produced CFCs. In 1989, an estimated 250,000 tons were produced.[4] It has been used as a cleaning agent for electrical and electronic components.[8] CFC-113 is one of the three most popular CFCs, along with CFC-11 and CFC-12.[9]

CFC-113’s low flammability and low toxicity made it ideal for use as a cleaner for delicate electrical equipment, fabrics, and metals. It would not harm the product it was cleaning, ignite with a spark or react with other chemicals.[10]

CFC-113 in laboratory analytics has been replaced by other solvents.[11]

Reduction of CFC-113 with zinc gives chlorotrifluoroethylene:[4]

CFCl2-CClF2 + Zn → CClF=CF2 + ZnCl2

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0632". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
  3. ^ "1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. ^ a b c Siegemund, Günter; Schwertfeger, Werner; Feiring, Andrew; Smart, Bruce; Behr, Fred; Vogel, Herward; McKusick, Blaine (2002). "Fluorine Compounds, Organic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_349.
  5. ^ "Global Change 2: Climate Change". University of Michigan. January 4, 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-04-20. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
  6. ^ Molina, Mario J. (1996). "Role of chlorine in the stratospheric chemistry". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 68 (9): 1749–1756. doi:10.1351/pac199668091749. S2CID 22107229.
  7. ^ "Guides | SEDAC".
  8. ^ a b "Chlorofluorocarbons". Columbia Encyclopedia. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
  9. ^ Zumdahl, Steven (1995). Chemical Principles. Lexington: D. C. Heath. ISBN 978-0-669-39321-7.
  10. ^ "Guides | SEDAC". sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu.
  11. ^ "Use of Ozone Depleting Substances in Laboratories. TemaNord 516/2003" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-27. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
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