La Baule-Escoublac

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La Baule-Escoublac
Commune
La Baule beach.jpg
Coat of arms of La Baule-Escoublac
Coat of arms
Location of La Baule-Escoublac
La Baule-Escoublac is located in France
La Baule-Escoublac
La Baule-Escoublac
Coordinates: 47°17′12″N 2°23′27″W / 47.2867°N 2.3908°W / 47.2867; -2.3908Coordinates: 47°17′12″N 2°23′27″W / 47.2867°N 2.3908°W / 47.2867; -2.3908
CountryFrance
RegionPays de la Loire
DepartmentLoire-Atlantique
ArrondissementSaint-Nazaire
CantonLa Baule-Escoublac
IntercommunalityCA de la Presqu'île de Guérande Atlantique
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Franck Louvrier
Area
1
22.19 km2 (8.57 sq mi)
Population
 (Jan. 2018)[1]
16,117
 • Density730/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
440055 /44500
Elevation1–55 m (3.3–180.4 ft)
(avg. 6 m or 20 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

La Baule-Escoublac (French pronunciation: ​[la bol ɛskublak]; Occitan: Ar Baol-Skoubleg), commonly referred to as La Baule, is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.

A century-old seaside resort in southern Brittany with beautiful villas, casino, luxury hotels and an original mix of old Breton and exclusive seaside culture with a 9 kilometre long sand beach, La Baule has long been home to French high society's seaside residences. During July and August each year, the population of La Baule increases dramatically with many Parisians staying for weeks and regular day-trippers from Nantes. Parisians can take the train in Paris Montparnasse Station and it is about 3 hours to go to La Baule. Despite this, La Baule is still virtually unknown outside France.

History[]

  • Chapelle Saint-Anne

  • La Baule-Escoublac railroad station

  • Hôtel Castel Marie-Louise

  • Hôtel Hermitage

  • Hôtel Royal

  • Hôtel Majestic

In 1779, a violent storm buried the village of Escoublac, near the current location of La Baule, under sand. Escoublac was rebuilt further inland. At that time, the very unstable dunes were occupied only by customs officers, who gave them the name of Bôle, a term indicating an easily flooded maritime meadow.

The birth of a seaside resort[]

It was only in 1879, when the Saint-Nazaire-Croisic railroad was conceived by Parisian industrialist Jules-Joseph Hennecart that the tourist potential of the coast was recognised.

Just before the inauguration of the line, Hennecart bought 40 ha of dunes for the Society of Escoublac Dunes (Société des dunes d'Escoublac) and commissioned local architect Georges Lafont to design the new town. Lafont designed a long sand promenade named Avenue de la Gare (today Avenue du Général-de-Gaulle) and a chapel (see picture).[2] After the railroad opened Lafont built more than 250 villas, taking the lead in the development of the seaside resort.

The rise of a seaside resort[]

In 1918, casino business magnate François André (see Groupe Lucien Barrière) set up the redesigning of the La Baule resort based on the Deauville model by combining casinos, luxury hotels and sports facilities all on one site.

In the 1920s, Parisian businessman Louis Lajarrige designed the very successful Bois d'Amour district at La Baule-les-Pins and formed an agreement with the railroad company to move the rails away from the seaside to ensure a direct access to the beach. On July 27, 1927 the new stations of La Baule-les-Pins and La Baule-Escoublac (see picture) were inaugurated while the old station was torn down to create a flower garden square. By that time, La Baule has become a very fashionable seaside resort.

The Poche de Saint-Nazaire[]

During World War II La Baule formed part of the protective stretch of coast leading to the nearby harbour city of Saint-Nazaire, home of one of the biggest U-Boat stations the Germans ever built. It not only serviced the German submarine fleet, but was also the only dry dock on the Atlantic capable of housing the German battleship Tirpitz, one of two Bismarck-class ships built for the German Kriegsmarine during World War II.

La Baule and the surrounding areas were heavily occupied by the Germans throughout World War II. During the occupation a large number of Jewish residents and resistance members were deported to the concentration camps; in La Baule itself 32 Jewish men, women and children - the youngest of whom was 3 years old - were deported (with the assistance of the local French police) to Auschwitz where they all perished.[3]

In 2011 a small group of local residents formed a group to create a permanent memorial, in the form of Stolperstein, to the 32 Jewish deportees since, although there was a memorial in La Baule to 40 named war victims, there was no mention there or on any other memorial of the 32 Jewish deportees. The Mayor refused to allow a request for the Stolpersteines to be installed, claiming that to do so might infringe the French constitutional principles of secularism ("laïcité") and freedom of opinion ("liberté d'opinion") and that the Mairie would therefore need to consult the Conseil d'État, France's constitutional court [1]. In fact, Stolpersteines contain no reference to the religion of the victim who is commemorated and 'freedom of opinion/expression' has never been invoked in either French or European jurisprudence to justify the refusal to commemorate individual victims of war crimes. The Mayor of La Baule has consistently refused to elaborate on his reasoning and there is no record of the Municipal Council of La Baule having sought a declaration from the Conseil d'Etat in respect of these objections.

Such was the importance attached to the area by the Germans that their troops kept fighting in La Baule and Saint-Nazaire for nine months longer than in the rest of the department, eventually surrendering on May 11, 1945 (3 days after the German unconditional surrender), making this one of the last liberated parts of France. This episode is called Poche de Saint-Nazaire from the French expression poche de resistance.

Population[]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1793 1,600—    
1800 796−50.2%
1806 1,113+39.8%
1821 933−16.2%
1831 1,238+32.7%
1836 1,227−0.9%
1841 1,190−3.0%
1846 1,179−0.9%
1851 1,217+3.2%
1856 1,180−3.0%
1861 1,157−1.9%
1866 1,200+3.7%
1872 1,172−2.3%
1876 1,223+4.4%
1881 1,415+15.7%
1886 1,535+8.5%
1891 1,648+7.4%
1896 1,912+16.0%
YearPop.±%
1901 1,777−7.1%
1906 2,167+21.9%
1911 2,727+25.8%
1921 3,395+24.5%
1926 5,051+48.8%
1931 6,126+21.3%
1936 6,115−0.2%
1946 15,205+148.7%
1954 13,166−13.4%
1962 13,004−1.2%
1968 13,336+2.6%
1975 15,006+12.5%
1982 14,553−3.0%
1990 14,845+2.0%
1999 15,833+6.7%
2009 16,235+2.5%
2017 16,132−0.6%

Tourism[]

One of France's most exclusive seaside resorts during the first half of the 20th century, La Baule has become much more democratized since the 1960s. Today the resort mixes wealthy family villas, luxury hotels and seaside apartment buildings, creating an original and unique atmosphere of social diversity. The nearby region has long been an area of contact and conflict between Breton culture and that of the neighbouring Loire valley, and consequently is rich with historic places, castles (Nantes castle), walled cities (Guerande), not to mention 19th century seaside resorts, such as Quiberon, and many typical Breton fishing villages (Le Croisic, Pornichet).

Culture[]

The Grand Prix de la Baule[4] was a Grand Prix motor racing event held there during the 1930s. Today, the Grand Prix de la Ville de La Baule[5] is a prestigious equestrian show jumping competition[6] that is part of the international Equestrian Nations Cup[7] series.

Local tourist authorities routinely refer to the bay as "the most beautiful in Europe".[8] Furthermore, La Baule is part of the Côte d'Amour, which features beautiful cliffs and amazing views of the Atlantic Ocean.

The commune of Escoublac has achieved a new vitality with the restoration of its civic center and the installation of many attractions.

The Musee Aeronautique Presqu'ile Cote d'Amour (MAPICA), located at the airport, maintains a collection of restored historical French aircraft in flying condition.[9][10]

Personalities linked to the commune[]

Sights[]

Beach view of La Baule-Escoublac
  • Cimetière militaire britannique d'Escoublac-La Baule
  • The "Avenue de Gaulle", with shops and restaurants
  • The architecture of some villas
  • The beach, which is part of the Bay from Le Pouliguen to Pornichet
  • The nightlife with the casino and the clubs

International relations[]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

La Baule-Escoublac is twinned with:

  • Poland Nowy Sącz in Poland[11]
  • Scotland Inverness, Scotland[12]
  • Germany Homburg, Saarland, Germany, since 1984
  • Greece Corfu, Greece

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Populations légales 2018". INSEE. 28 December 2020.
  2. ^ The chapel has been known since 1981 as Sainte-Anne chapel
  3. ^ Vichy France and the Jews by Michael Robert Marrus, Robert O. Paxton, ISBN 0-8047-2499-7
  4. ^ "La Baule - Grand prix longines : la baule". 21 June 2008. Archived from the original on 21 June 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  5. ^ "La Baule - Grand prix longines : la baule". 21 June 2008. Archived from the original on 21 June 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  6. ^ "La Baule - International Show Jumping of France". 18 June 2008. Archived from the original on 18 June 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  7. ^ "La Baule - Samsung super league : la baule". 21 May 2008. Archived from the original on 21 May 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  8. ^ "Avis de tempête sur la " privatisation " de la plage de La Baule". 19 May 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2019 – via Le Monde.
  9. ^ "Restauration et conservation du patrimoine aéronautique - MAPICA". www.mapica.org. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  10. ^ "Musee Aeronautique Presqu'ile Cote d'Amour - la Baule-Escoublac - France". www.aviationmuseum.eu. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  11. ^ "Miasta partnerskie i zaprzyjaźnione Nowego Sącza". Urząd Miasta Nowego Sącza (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2013-05-23. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
  12. ^ "British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-20.

External links[]


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