Ionotropic
GABAA
Agonists: (+)-Catechin
Bamaluzole
Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital )
Beta-Alanine
BL-1020
GABA
GABOB
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
Ibotenic acid
Isoguvacine
Isonipecotic acid
L-838,417
Lignans (e.g., honokiol )
Methylglyoxal
Monastrol
Muscimol
Nefiracetam
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone )
Org 20599
Phenibut
Picamilon
Progabide
Propofol
Quisqualamine
SL-75102
Taurine
Terpenoids (e.g., borneol )
Thiomuscimol
Tolgabide
Positive modulators (abridged; see here for a full list):
Alcohols (e.g., drinking alcohol , 2M2B )
Anabolic steroids
Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin )
Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital )
Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam )
Bromide compounds (e.g., potassium bromide )
Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate )
Carbamazepine
Chloralose
Chlormezanone
Clomethiazole
Dihydroergolines (e.g., ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine) )
Etazepine
Etifoxine
Fenamates (e.g., mefenamic acid )
Flavonoids (e.g., apigenin , hispidulin )
Fluoxetine
Flupirtine
Imidazoles (e.g., etomidate )
Kava constituents (e.g., kavain )
Lanthanum
Loreclezole
Monastrol
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone , cholesterol , THDOC )
Niacin
Niacinamide
Nonbenzodiazepines (e.g., β-carbolines (e.g., abecarnil ), cyclopyrrolones (e.g., zopiclone ), imidazopyridines (e.g., zolpidem ), pyrazolopyrimidines (e.g., zaleplon ))
Norfluoxetine
Petrichloral
Phenols (e.g., propofol )
Phenytoin
Piperidinediones (e.g., glutethimide )
Propanidid
Pyrazolopyridines (e.g., etazolate )
Quinazolinones (e.g., methaqualone )
Retigabine (ezogabine)
ROD-188
Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin )
Stiripentol
(e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal) )
Topiramate
Valerian constituents (e.g., valerenic acid )
Volatiles /gases (e.g., chloral hydrate , chloroform , diethyl ether , paraldehyde , sevoflurane )
Antagonists: Bicuculline
Gabazine (SR-95531)
Hydrastine
Pitrazepin
Securinine
Sinomenine
Thiocolchicoside
Tutin
Negative modulators:
11-Ketoprogesterone
17-Phenylandrostenol
α5IA (LS-193,268)
Anabolic steroids
Amiloride
Anisatin
β-Lactams (e.g., penicillins , cephalosporins , carbapenems )
Basmisanil
Bemegride
Bicyclic phosphates (TBPS , TBPO , IPTBO )
BIDN
Bilobalide
Bupropion
Chlorophenylsilatrane
Cicutoxin
Cloflubicyne
Cyclothiazide
DHEA
DHEA-S
Dieldrin
DMCM
EBOB
FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
(e.g., fipronil )
Flavonoids (e.g., amentoflavone , oroxylin A )
Flumazenil
Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin )
Flurothyl
Furosemide
Golexanolone
Iomazenil (123 I)
IPTBO
Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
L-655,708
Laudanosine
Lindane
Morphine
Morphine-3-glucuronide
MRK-016
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Nicardipine
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens (e.g., apalutamide , bicalutamide , enzalutamide , flutamide , nilutamide )
Oenanthotoxin
Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)
Phenylsilatrane
Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin , picrotoxinin and dihydropicrotoxinin )
Pregnenolone sulfate
PWZ-029
Radequinil
Ro 15-4513
Sarmazenil
Suritozole
TB-21007
TBPS
Terbequinil
TETS
Thujone
Zinc
ZK-93426
GABAA -ρ
Agonists: BL-1020
CACA
CAMP
GABA
GABOB
Ibotenic acid
Isoguvacine
Muscimol
N 4 -Chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
Picamilon
Progabide
Thiomuscimol
Tolgabide
Positive modulators: Allopregnanolone
Alphaxolone
ATHDOC
Lanthanides
Antagonists:
Gabazine (SR-95531)
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Isonipecotic acid
Loreclezole
SKF-97541
TPMPA
Negative modulators: 5α-Dihydroprogesterone
Bilobalide
Loreclezole
Picrotoxin (picrotin , picrotoxinin )
Pregnanolone
ROD-188
THDOC
Zinc
Metabotropic
GABAB
Agonists: 1,4-Butanediol
3-APPA
4-Fluorophenibut
Aceburic acid
Arbaclofen
Arbaclofen placarbil
Baclofen
BL-1020
GABA
GABOB
GBL
GHB
GHBAL
GHV
GVL
Isovaline
Lesogaberan
Phenibut
Picamilon
Progabide
Sodium oxybate
SKF-97,541
SL 75102
Tolgabide
Tolibut
Positive modulators:
BHF-177
BHFF
BSPP
CGP-7930
GS-39783
Antagonists:
CGP-35348
Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
Phaclofen
Saclofen
SCH-50911
SKF-97541
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
GABAA receptor positive modulators
GABA metabolism/transport modulators
Receptor (ligands )
GlyR
Agonists: β-Alanine
β-ABA (BABA)
Caesium
D -Alanine
D -Serine
GABA
Glycine
Hypotaurine
Ivermectin
L -Alanine
L -Proline
L -Serine
L -Threonine
Milacemide
Picolinic acid
Propofol
Quisqualamine
Sarcosine
Taurine
Positive modulators: Alcohols (e.g., , chlorobutanol (chloretone) , ethanol (alcohol) , tert -butanol (2M2P) , tribromoethanol , trichloroethanol , trifluoroethanol )
Alkylbenzene sulfonate
Anandamide
Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital , sodium thiopental )
Chlormethiazole
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine )
Etomidate
Ginseng constituents (e.g., ginsenosides (e.g., ))
Glutamic acid (glutamate)
Ivermectin
Ketamine
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., alfaxolone , pregnenolone (eltanolone) , pregnenolone acetate , minaxolone , ORG-20599 )
Nitrous oxide
Penicillin G
Propofol
Tamoxifen
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Triclofos
(e.g., atropine , bemesetron , cocaine , , tropisetron , zatosetron )
Volatiles /gases (e.g., chloral hydrate , chloroform , desflurane , diethyl ether (ether) , enflurane , halothane , isoflurane , methoxyflurane , sevoflurane , toluene , trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) , trichloroethylene )
Xenon
Zinc
Antagonists:
Bicuculline
Brucine
Cacotheline
Caffeine
Colchicine
Colubrine
Dendrobine
Endocannabinoids (e.g., 2-AG , anandamide (AEA) )
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Gelsemine
Isobutyric acid
Isonipecotic acid
Laudanosine
Nipecotic acid
Pitrazepin
Quinolines (e.g., , , , , , )
Sinomenine
Strychnine
Thiocolchicoside
Tutin
Negative modulators: Amiloride
Benzodiazepines (e.g., bromazepam , clonazepam , diazepam , flunitrazepam , flurazepam )
Daidzein
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine , nifedipine , nitrendipine )
Furosemide
Genistein
Ginkgo constituents (e.g., bilobalide , ginkgolides (e.g., , ginkgolide B , , , ))
Imipramine
NBQX
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., , , deoxycorticosterone , DHEA sulfate , pregnenolone sulfate , progesterone )
Opioids (e.g., codeine , dextromethorphan , dextrorphan , levomethadone , levorphanol , morphine , oripavine , pethidine , thebaine )
Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin )
Riluzole
(e.g., bemesetron , , tropisetron , zatosetron )
Verapamil
Zinc
NMDAR
Transporter (blockers )
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
GABA receptor modulators
GABAA receptor positive modulators
Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
DAT (DRIs )
NET (NRIs )
Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: Amedalin
Alseroxylon
Ciclazindol
Daledalin
Edivoxetine
Esreboxetine
Lortalamine
Mazindol
Nisoxetine
Reboxetine
Talopram
Talsupram
Tandamine
Teniloxazine
Viloxazine
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors: Amineptine
Bupropion
Fencamine
Fencamfamin
Hydroxybupropion
Lefetamine
Levophacetoperane
LR-5182
Manifaxine
Methylphenidate
Nomifensine
O-2172
Radafaxine
Serdexmethylphenidate
Solriamfetol
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: Atomoxetine (tomoxetine)
CP-39,332
Desvenlafaxine
Duloxetine
Eclanamine
Levomilnacipran
McN5652
Milnacipran
N-Methyl-PPPA
PPPA
Tofenacin
Venlafaxine
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors: 3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine
Amifitadine
Ansofaxine
Bicifadine
Brasofensine
Centanafadine
Cocaine
Dasotraline
Desmethylsertraline
Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354)
Diclofensine
DOV-102677
DOV-216303
EXP-561
Fezolamine
HDMP-28
Indatraline
JNJ-7925476
JZ-IV-10
Liafensine
Mazindol
Naphyrone
Nefazodone
Nefopam
NS-2359
Perafensine
PRC200
Pridefine
Sibutramine
Tedatioxetine
Tesofensine
Tropanes (e.g., cocaine )
Tricyclic antidepressants: Amitriptyline
Butriptyline
Cianopramine
Clomipramine
Desipramine
Dosulepin (dothiepin)
Doxepin
Imipramine
Lofepramine
Melitracen
Nortriptyline
Protriptyline
Trimipramine
Tetracyclic antidepressants: Amoxapine
Maprotiline
Mianserin
Oxaprotiline
Setiptiline
Others: Antihistamines (e.g., brompheniramine , chlorphenamine , pheniramine , tripelennamine )
Antipsychotics (e.g., loxapine , ziprasidone )
Arylcyclohexylamines (e.g., ketamine , phencyclidine )
Dopexamine
Ephenidine
Ginkgo biloba
Indeloxazine
Nefazodone
Opioids (e.g., desmetramadol , methadone , pethidine (meperidine) , tapentadol , tramadol , levorphanol )
SERT (SRIs )
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: 6-Nitroquipazine
Alaproclate
Cericlamine
Citalopram
Dapoxetine
Desmethylcitalopram
Didesmethylcitalopram
Escitalopram
Femoxetine
Fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine
Indalpine
Ifoxetine
Norfluoxetine
Omiloxetine
Panuramine
Paroxetine
PIM-35
Pirandamine
RTI-353
Seproxetine
Sertraline
Zimelidine
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin receptor modulators: Etoperidone
Litoxetine
Lubazodone
LY-393558
Quipazine
SB-649915
TGBA01AD
Trazodone
Vilazodone
Vortioxetine
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: Atomoxetine (tomoxetine)
Bicifadine
Desvenlafaxine
Duloxetine
Eclanamine
Levomilnacipran
McN5652
Milnacipran
N-Methyl-PPPA
PPPA
Tofenacin
Venlafaxine
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors: 3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine
Amifitadine
Ansofaxine
Bicifadine
Brasofensine
Centanafadine
Cocaine
Dasotraline
Desmethylsertraline
Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354)
Diclofensine
DOV-102677
DOV-216303
EXP-561
Fezolamine
HDMP-28
Indatraline
JNJ-7925476
JZ-IV-10
Liafensine
Mazindol
Naphyrone
Nefazodone
Nefopam
NS-2359
Perafensine
PRC200
Pridefine
Sibutramine
Tedatioxetine
Tesofensine
Tropanes (e.g., cocaine )
Tricyclic antidepressants: Amitriptyline
Cianopramine
Clomipramine
Cyanodothiepin
Desipramine
Dosulepin (dothiepin)
Doxepin
Imipramine
Lofepramine
Nortriptyline
Pipofezine
Protriptyline
Others:
Amoxapine
Antihistamines (e.g., brompheniramine , chlorphenamine , dimenhydrinate , diphenhydramine , mepyramine (pyrilamine) , pheniramine , tripelennamine )
Antipsychotics (e.g., loxapine , ziprasidone )
Arylcyclohexylamines (e.g., 3-MeO-PCP , esketamine , ketamine , methoxetamine , phencyclidine )
Cyclobenzaprine
Delucemine
Dextromethorphan
Dextrorphan
Efavirenz
Hypidone
Medifoxamine
Mesembrine
Mifepristone
MIN-117 (WF-516)
N-Me-5-HT
Opioids (e.g., dextropropoxyphene , methadone , pethidine (meperidine) , levorphanol , tapentadol , tramadol )
Roxindole
VMATs
Amiodarone
Amphetamines (e.g., amphetamine , methamphetamine , MDMA )
Bietaserpine
Deserpidine
Deutetrabenazine
Dihydrotetrabenazine
Efavirenz
GBR-12935
Ibogaine
Ketanserin
Lobeline
Reserpine
Rose bengal
Tetrabenazine
Valbenazine
Vanoxerine (GBR-12909)
Others
DAT modulators: Agonist-like: SoRI-9804
; Antagonist-like: SoRI-20041
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Monoamine releasing agents • Adrenergics • Dopaminergics • Serotonergics • Monoamine metabolism modulators • Monoamine neurotoxins
MOR DOR KOR NOP
Antagonists:
AT-076
BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094)
J-113,397
JTC-801
SB-612,111
Thienorphine
Unsorted
β-Casomorphins
Amidorphin
Cytochrophin-4
Gliadorphin (gluteomorphin)
Gluten exorphins
Hemorphins
Kava constituents
NEM
Neoendorphins
Nepetalactone (catnip )
Rubiscolins
Others
Enkephalinase inhibitors : Amastatin
Candoxatril
D -Phenylalanine
Ecadotril (sinorphan)
Kelatorphan
Racecadotril (acetorphan)
RB-101
RB-120
RB-3007
Selank
Semax
Spinorphin
Thiorphan
Tynorphin
Ubenimex (bestatin)
Propeptides: β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)
Prodynorphin
Proenkephalin
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
Others: Kyotorphin (met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)