Lexington Avenue/51st Street station

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 Lexington Avenue/51 Street
 "6" train"6" express train​​"E" train​"M" train
MTA NYC logo.svg New York City Subway station complex
Lexington Avenue-53 St Plaza entrance.jpg
Lexington Avenue and 53rd Street plaza entrance
Station statistics
AddressEast 53rd Street & Lexington Avenue
New York, NY 10022[1]
BoroughManhattan
LocaleMidtown Manhattan
Coordinates40°45′25″N 73°58′19″W / 40.757075°N 73.971977°W / 40.757075; -73.971977Coordinates: 40°45′25″N 73°58′19″W / 40.757075°N 73.971977°W / 40.757075; -73.971977
DivisionA (IRT), B (IND)[2]
Line   IRT Lexington Avenue Line
IND Queens Boulevard Line
Services   4 late nights (late nights)
​   6 all times (all times) <6> weekdays until 8:45 p.m., peak direction (weekdays until 8:45 p.m., peak direction)​
   E all times (all times)
​   M weekdays until 11:00 p.m. (weekdays until 11:00 p.m.)
TransitBus transport NYCT Bus: M50, M101, M102, M103
Bus transport MTA Bus: BxM1[3]
StructureUnderground
Levels2
Other information
OpenedDecember 11, 1988; 32 years ago (1988-12-11)[4]
Station code612[5]
AccessibleThis station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ADA-accessible
Traffic
201918,957,465[6] Increase 2%
Rank10 out of 424[6]
Location
Lexington Avenue/51st Street station is located in New York City Subway
Lexington Avenue/51st Street station
Street map

Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Station service legend
Symbol Description
Stops all times Stops all times
Stops late nights only Stops late nights only
Stops rush hours in peak direction only Stops rush hours in the peak direction only
Stops weekdays only Stops weekdays only

Lexington Avenue/51st Street is a New York City Subway station complex on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line and IND Queens Boulevard Line. The station is located on Lexington Avenue and stretches from 51st Street to 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan. It is served by the 6 and E trains at all times, and by M trains during weekdays. In addition, <6> trains stop here during weekdays in the peak direction, and 4 trains stop here during late nights.

The complex comprises two stations: 51st Street on the Lexington Avenue Line and Lexington Avenue–53rd Street (originally Lexington—Third Avenues) on the Queens Boulevard Line. Originally two separate stations, these were connected in 1988 via a transfer passage, which was opened with the construction of 599 Lexington Avenue. Approximately 50,000 riders transfer between the Lexington Avenue and Queens Boulevard Lines each weekday.[7]

In 2019, the station complex had an annual ridership of 18,957,465, making it the tenth-busiest in the system.[6]

History[]

Planning and construction[]

IRT Lexington Avenue Line[]

Following the completion of the original subway, there were plans to construct a line along Manhattan's east side north of 42nd Street. The original plan for what became the extension north of 42nd Street was to continue it south through Irving Place and into what is now the BMT Broadway Line at Ninth Street and Broadway. In July 1911, the IRT had withdrawn from the talks, and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT) was to operate on Lexington Avenue. The IRT submitted an offer for what became its portion of the Dual Contracts on February 27, 1912.[8][9]

In 1913, as part of the Dual Contracts, which were signed on March 19, 1913,[10] the Public Service Commission planned to split the original Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) system from looking like a "Z" system (as seen on a map) to an "H"-shaped system. The original system would be split into three segments: two north–south lines, carrying through trains over the Lexington Avenue and Broadway–Seventh Avenue Lines, and a west–east shuttle under 42nd Street. This would form a roughly "H"-shaped system.[11][12] It was predicted that the subway extension would lead to the growth of the Upper East Side and the Bronx.[13][14]

51st Street station opened on July 17, 1918, with service initially running between Grand Central–42nd Street station and 167th Street via the line's local tracks.[15] On August 1, the "H system" was put into place, with through service beginning on the new east and west side trunk lines, and the institution of the 42nd Street Shuttle along the old connection between the sides.[16] The cost of the extension from Grand Central was $58 million.[17]

IND Queens Boulevard Line[]

The Queens Boulevard Line was one of the first built by the city-owned Independent Subway System (IND), and was planned to stretch between the IND Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan and 178th Street and Hillside Avenue in Jamaica, Queens, with a stop at Grand Avenue.[18][19] The line was first proposed in 1925.[20] Bids for the 53rd Street subway tunnel were received in October 1926,[21] and work started in April 1927.[22] The 53rd Street Tunnel was fully excavated between Queens and Manhattan in January 1929.[23] The First Avenue Association suggested that an entrance to the Lexington Avenue/53rd Street station on the Queens Boulevard Line be built on Second Avenue, but the New York City Board of Transportation declined to do so, citing high costs and underground obstructions.[24]

The Lexington Avenue/53rd Street station opened on August 19, 1933 with the opening of the IND Queens Boulevard Line to Roosevelt Avenue in Queens. Service was initially provided by E trains running via the IND Eighth Avenue Line.[25] On December 15, 1940, the IND Sixth Avenue Line opened between West Fourth Street–Washington Square and 59th Street–Columbus Circle. On this date, F trains began using this station, diverging west of the station onto the Sixth Avenue Line.[26][27]

Station renovations[]

In 1966, an agreement was reached with the developers of 345 Park Avenue to remove the entrance at the corner of 51st Street and Lexington Avenue and replace it with a new entrance at the same corner adjacent to the building.[28]

In July 1968, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) completed plans to construct a 320-foot (98 m)-long free transfer passageway between the north end of the 51st Street station and the Lexington Avenue mezzanine of the Lexington Avenue station. Construction on the project was supposed to start in early 1969.[29] On December 12, 1969, the NYCTA put the estimated $2.5 million contract up for bid.[30][31]

The IRT platforms' elevators were installed in June 1989, making the station one of the earliest to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The elevator to the IND platform was installed later.

In 2003, as part of efforts to ease crowding in the station, a mezzanine was added to connect the passageway to the Third Avenue end of the IND station.[32]

Station layout[]

G Street Level Exit/entrance
Disabled access Elevator at northeast corner of 52nd Street and Lexington Avenue
B1 Side platform Disabled access
Northbound local ← "6" train"6" express train toward Pelham Bay Park or Parkchester (59th Street)
← "4" train toward Woodlawn late nights (59th Street)
Southbound local → "6" train"6" express train toward Brooklyn Bridge (Grand Central–42nd Street) →
→ "4" train toward New Lots Avenue late nights (Grand Central–42nd Street) →
Side platform Disabled access
B2 Northbound express ← "4" train"5" train do not stop here
Southbound express → "4" train"5" train do not stop here →
B3 Southbound ← "E" train toward World Trade Center (Fifth Avenue/53rd Street)
← "M" train toward Metropolitan Avenue weekdays (Fifth Avenue/53rd Street)
Island platform Disabled access
Northbound → "E" train toward Jamaica Center (Court Square–23rd Street) →
→ "M" train toward 71st Avenue weekdays (Court Square–23rd Street) →

The two stations are linked by a passageway between the northbound IRT platform and the upper mezzanine of the IND platform. From the extreme north end of both IRT platforms, a staircase, an elevator, and an escalator lead to an underpass connecting the southbound and northbound IRT platforms, linking to a corridor extending north from the northbound platform. The corridor, opened in 1989, extends to the staircases and escalators going down to the IND platform and contains a turnstile bank in the center. The corridor is divided into two sections: a shopping arcade outside fare control and a transfer hallway inside fare control. The section outside fare control leads to a staircase and elevator inside the south side of 132 East 53rd Street, which go up to the northeast corner of East 52nd Street and Lexington Avenue. A glass-enclosed staircase outside the same building leads to the southeast corner of 53rd Street and Lexington Avenue. Outside fare control under the Citigroup Center, at the northeast corner of the same intersection, there are two stairs and an elevator.[33]

The southbound Lexington Avenue Line platform has a part-time fare control area near the south end. A seven-step staircase goes up to a turnstile bank. Outside fare control, there is a customer assistance booth and one staircase going up to the front entrance of the Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel on the southwest corner of Lexington Avenue and East 50th Street.[34][33] The New York Public Library's Terence Cardinal Cooke-Cathedral Branch is within this exit, just outside of fare control. The 2,100-square-foot (200 m2) branch, the second smallest in the NYPL system, became part of the New York Public Library in 1992. Before that, it was a library for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York.[35]

At Lexington Avenue and 51st Street, eight stairs go up to all four corners of that intersection (two to each corner). The eastern stairs serve the northbound platform, and the western stairs serve the southbound platform.[33] At one point, there was also an entrance from the southbound platform to the basement of the General Electric Building at 51st Street, which opened in 1931 and was sealed,[36] being replaced by a new street entrance in 1965.[37] The connecting passageway was made of marble with aluminum storefronts.[38] The entrance in the General Electric Building's basement replaced the original sidewalk staircases at the southwestern corner of Lexington Avenue and 51st Street.[39]

The Queens Boulevard Line platform has an unstaffed entrance/exit at the east (railroad north) end. One escalator and one elevator from the platform goes up to a turnstile bank, where two staircases go up to either western corner of Third Avenue and 53rd Street. A larger staircase goes up to the entrance plaza of 205 East 53rd Street at the northeast corner, and there is also an entrance/exit from under the southeast-corner building. The original name, Lexington–3rd Avenues, came from this exit.[33] The fare control area contains access to both the primary mezzanine, which contains the IRT transfer, as well as a set of staircases and escalators leading directly to the east end of the IND platform.[citation needed]

IRT Lexington Avenue Line platforms[]

 51 Street
 "6" train"6" express train​
MTA NYC logo.svg New York City Subway station (rapid transit)
IRT Lexington 51st Street Northbound Platform.jpg
View from northbound platform
Station statistics
AddressEast 51st Street & Lexington Avenue
New York, NY 10022 40°45′25″N 73°58′19″W / 40.757075°N 73.971977°W / 40.757075; -73.971977
DivisionA (IRT)[40]
Line   IRT Lexington Avenue Line
Services   4 late nights (late nights)
​   6 all times (all times) <6> weekdays until 8:45 p.m., peak direction (weekdays until 8:45 p.m., peak direction)
Platforms2 side platforms
Tracks2
Other information
OpenedJuly 17, 1918; 103 years ago (1918-07-17)[15]
Station code401[5]
AccessibleThis station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ADA-accessible
Opposite-
direction
transfer		Yes
Station succession
Next north59th Street: 4 late nights ​6 all times <6> weekdays until 8:45 p.m., peak direction
Next southGrand Central–42nd Street: 4 late nights ​6 all times <6> weekdays until 8:45 p.m., peak direction
Track layout

Legend
to 59 St
to 42 St
Station service legend
Symbol Description
Stops all times Stops all times
Stops late nights only Stops late nights only
Stops rush hours in peak direction only Stops rush hours in the peak direction only

51st Street on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line is a local station with two local tracks and two side platforms. The two express tracks, used by the 4 and 5 trains during daytime hours, pass through a lower level and are not visible from the platforms.[41] Both platforms have emergency exits from the lower level express tracks.

The station features modern beige bricks over the original tiles, but the standard IRT-style mosaics remain intact. There is a crossunder at the extreme north end of the platforms with an elevator, a staircase, and an up-only escalator on each side. A ceramic artwork called Tunnel Vision by Nina Yankowitz was installed here in 1989, but was removed after a 2016 retiling.

The platforms are approximately 25 feet (7.6 m) below street level and the station's full-time fare control areas are at the center of each. A staircase of seven steps goes up to a turnstile bank, with a token booth and two exits to each corner on each side outside fare control.

This station is the southernmost station on the Lexington Avenue Line to be directly under Lexington Avenue itself. South of here, the line shifts slightly westward to Park Avenue.

Image gallery[]

  • Mosaic name tablet

  • 51st Street entrance to the southbound platform

  • 50th Street entrance to the southbound platform

IND Queens Boulevard Line platform[]

 Lexington Avenue–53 Street
 "E" train​"M" train
MTA NYC logo.svg New York City Subway station (rapid transit)
Lexington Av - 53rd Street - Platform.jpg
Looking south on the platform leading to the transfer
Station statistics
AddressLexington Avenue & East 53rd Street
New York, NY 10022 40°45′30″N 73°58′16″W / 40.758343°N 73.971033°W / 40.758343; -73.971033
DivisionB (IND)[42]
LineIND Queens Boulevard Line
Services   E all times (all times)
​   M weekdays until 11:00 p.m. (weekdays until 11:00 p.m.)
Platforms1 island platform
Tracks2
Other information
OpenedAugust 19, 1933; 88 years ago (1933-08-19)[43][44]
Station code275[5]
AccessibleThis station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ADA-accessible
Opposite-
direction
transfer		Yes
Former/other namesLexington–3rd Avenues
Station succession
Next eastCourt Square–23rd Street: E all times ​M weekdays until 11:00 p.m.
Next westFifth Avenue/53rd Street: E all times ​M weekdays until 11:00 p.m.
Track layout

Legend
to Court Sq–23 St
to 5 Av/53 St
Station service legend
Symbol Description
Stops all times Stops all times
Stops weekdays only Stops weekdays only

Lexington Avenue–53rd Street on the IND Queens Boulevard Line opened on August 19, 1933[43][44] and has two tracks and one island platform.[41] It was built 70 feet (21 m) below street level, as the line had to pass beneath all of the north–south subway lines that were built before it. As a result, long escalators and staircases are required to reach the mezzanine from the platform.[43][44] At the extreme west end of the Queens Boulevard Line platform, a single staircase and a bank of two escalators (which were once the longest in the world), a single escalator, and one ADA-accessible elevator go up to the full-time mezzanine.[33]

There are no tiles, trim line, or mosaics on the track walls. East of this station (railroad north), the line goes under the East River to Long Island City, Queens.

Artwork[]

In 1976, with funding from the Exxon Corporation, this station, as well as three others citywide, received new "artfully humorous graffiti" murals and artwork.[45] Local designer Sperling Elman Inc. received $5,000 to place a new coat of paint on the entrances. The paint was placed "in a variety of colors and in broad stripes."[45]

The 2004 artwork here is called Passing Through by Al Held. It features glass mosaic on the mezzanine walls.

Image gallery[]

  • Stair at the foot of 599 Lexington Avenue

  • Older signage, since removed from the station

  • As seen from the front of an arriving train

  • An M train of R160As on the downtown track

Proposed Second Avenue Subway station[]

As part of the construction of the Second Avenue Subway, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority has considered including a transfer between this station complex and the proposed 55th Street station on the Second Avenue Line, which would be located under Second Avenue between 52nd Street and 56th Street.[46] This would provide a transfer to the proposed T train, which would serve the Second Avenue Line upon completion of Phase 3, although that phase is currently not funded or scheduled. Currently, the transfer is under evaluation.[47][48] The proposed transfer passage would run under 53rd Street between the eastern end of the Queens Boulevard Line platform and Second Avenue, connecting to the southern end of 55th Street station.[49] The MTA projects that providing a transfer between the Queens Boulevard and Second Avenue lines would reduce crowding in the existing transfer passage between the Queens Boulevard and Lexington Avenue lines at the western end of the Queens Boulevard Line platform.[46]

References[]

  1. ^ "Borough of Manhattan, New York City". Government of New York City. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  2. ^ "Glossary". Second Avenue Subway Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) (PDF). 1. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 4, 2003. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  3. ^ "Manhattan Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 2019. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  4. ^ Guide Archived July 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine to December 11, 1988, version of the New York City Subway map
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Station Developers' Information". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b "Facts and Figures: Annual Subway Ridership 2014–2019". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  7. ^ "Potential East Midtown Transit Improvements" (PDF). www.cb5.org. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. October 2012. p. 28. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  8. ^ Walker, James Blaine (1918). Fifty Years of Rapid Transit — 1864 to 1917. New York, N.Y.: Law Printing. pp. 230–233. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  9. ^ "Petition for Subway in Lexington Ave". The New York Times. May 22, 1912. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 16, 2009. A petition is being circulated among the residents and property owners of the section just south of the Grand Central Station, in Park and Lexington Avenues, protesting against the proposed abandonment of the construction of the Subway in Lexington Avenue, between Forty-third and Thirty-second Streets.
  10. ^ "Subway Contracts Solemnly Signed; Cheers at the Ceremonial Function When McCall Gets Willcox to Attest" (PDF). The New York Times. March 20, 1913. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
  11. ^ "Money Set Aside For New Subways; Board of Estimate Approves City Contracts to be Signed To-day with Interboro and B.R.T." (PDF). The New York Times. March 19, 1913. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  12. ^ Engineering News-record. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. 1916. p. 846.
  13. ^ Whitney, Travis H. (March 10, 1918). "The Seventh and Lexington Avenue Subways Will Revive Dormant Sections — Change in Operation That Will Transform Original Four-Tracked Subway Into Two Four-Tracked Systems and Double Present Capacity of the Interborough". The New York Times. p. 12. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  14. ^ "Public Service Commission Fixes July 15 For Opening of The New Seventh and Lexington Avenue Subway Lines — Will Afford Better Service and Less Crowding — Shuttle Service for Forty-Second Street — How the Various Lines of the Dual System Are Grouped for Operation and List of Stations on All Lines". The New York Times. May 19, 1918. p. 32. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b "Lexington Av. Line to be Opened Today" (PDF). The New York Times. July 17, 1918. p. 13. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  16. ^ "Open New Subway Lines to Traffic; Called a Triumph — Great H System Put in Operation Marks an Era in Railroad Construction — No Hitch in the Plans — But Public Gropes Blindly to Find the Way in Maze of New Stations — Thousands Go Astray — Leaders in City's Life Hail Accomplishment of Great Task at Meeting at the Astor". The New York Times. August 2, 1918. p. 1. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  17. ^ "Finish a New Link of the Dual Subway; Lexington Avenue Line North of Forty-second Street to Begin Local Service Wednesday. Branch Extends to Bronx Through service, with Times SquareGrand Central Shuttle Connections, to Open Soon. Changes in the Bronx". The New York Times. July 11, 1918. p. 20. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
  18. ^ See:
  19. ^ "Queens Lauded as Best Boro By Chamber Chief". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 23, 1929. p. 40. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
  20. ^ "New Subway Routes in Hylan Program to Cost $186,046,000" (PDF). The New York Times. March 21, 1925. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  21. ^ "Bids Are Received for New Subway; No Action Can Be Taken on 53d Street Work Until Pending Suit Is Disposed Of". The New York Times. October 15, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  22. ^ "New Queens Subway Started: Delaney Turns First Dirt for 53d Street Line". New York Herald Tribune. April 3, 1927. p. 16. ProQuest 1113535669.
  23. ^ "L.I. City-Jamaica Subway To Open Between Plaza and Manhattan Next Year; City Will Extend Service With Completion of Each Section; Sullivan Reveals Plans of Board of Transportation" (PDF). Long Island Daily Star. Fultonhistory.com. March 15, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  24. ^ "53d Street Subway Will Start Operation in 1933". New York Herald Tribune. August 26, 1931. p. 34. ProQuest 1114282177.
  25. ^ *"Two Subway Units Open At Midnight; Links in City-Owned System in Queens and Brooklyn to Have 15 Stations" (PDF). The New York Times. August 18, 1933. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  26. ^ Sparberg, Andrew J. (October 1, 2014). From a Nickel to a Token: The Journey from Board of Transportation to MTA. Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0-8232-6190-1.
  27. ^ *Linder, Bernard (December 2008). "Sixth Avenue Subway Service Changes". New York Division Bulletin. Electric Railroaders' Association. 51 (12): 2–4. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
  28. ^ Minutes and Proceedings of the New York City Transit Authority. New York City Transit Authority. 1968. p. 20.
  29. ^ Transportation Progress: An Interim Report. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 1968. p. 8.
  30. ^ Engineering News-record. McGraw-Hill. 1969. p. 142.
  31. ^ Authority, New York City Transit (1969). Proceedings of the New York City Transit Authority Relating to Matters Other Than Operation. The Authority. p. 324.
  32. ^ Feldman, Jason. "Contractors Construct 200-ft.-long Mezzanine Under 53rd St". New York Construction. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Lexington Avenue—53rd Street Neighborhood Map". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  34. ^ Station Reporter — 51st Street/Lexington Avenue Complex Archived July 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ Kilgannon, Corey (October 24, 2010). "A New York Public Library Branch That's a Commuter's Secret". The New York Times. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
  36. ^ "General Electric Building" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. December 19, 2003. p. 11. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  37. ^ Minutes and Proceedings of the New York City Transit Authority. New York City Transit Authority. 1965. pp. 31, 80.
  38. ^ "Underground Arcade of RCA Building Will Be of Marble". New York Herald Tribune. March 1, 1931. p. E1. ProQuest 1113777089. Retrieved October 13, 2020 – via ProQuest.
  39. ^ "Subway Entrance in Radio Building; Easements Given for Approach in New Edifice at Lexington Av". The New York Times. February 24, 1931. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  40. ^ "Glossary". Second Avenue Subway Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) (PDF). 1. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 4, 2003. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  41. ^ Jump up to: a b Dougherty, Peter (2006) [2002]. Tracks of the New York City Subway 2006 (3rd ed.). Dougherty. OCLC 49777633 – via Google Books.
  42. ^ "Glossary". Second Avenue Subway Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) (PDF). 1. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 4, 2003. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  43. ^ Jump up to: a b c "New Queens Subway Service Will Be Launched Tonight; Tunnel From Manhattan Open to Jackson Heights; Service Will Eventually Be Extended Through To Jamaica". Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. August 18, 1933. p. 20. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  44. ^ Jump up to: a b c "New Queens Tube To Open Saturday: Brooklyn-Long Island City Link of City Line Also to Be Put in Operation". New York Evening Post. Fultonhistory.com. August 17, 1933. p. 18. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  45. ^ Jump up to: a b Burks, Edward C. (November 18, 1976). "A Subway Elongatomus? Why, It's Preposterous!". The New York Times. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
  46. ^ Jump up to: a b "Second Avenue Subway Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS): Chapter 5b: Transportation—Subway and Commuter Rail" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 2004. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  47. ^ "Second Avenue Subway Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS): Figure 2-1: New York City Subway Service with Second Avenue Subway Line" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 2004. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  48. ^ "Second Avenue Subway Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS): Chapter 2: Project Alternatives" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 2004. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  49. ^ "Second Avenue Subway Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS): Chapter 3: Description of Construction Methods and Activities" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 2004. Retrieved October 17, 2018.

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