List of Gentianales of South Africa
The Gentianales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid clade of eudicots. It comprises more than 16,000 species in about 1,138 genera in 5 families.[1] More than 80% of the species in this order belong to the family Rubiaceae.
The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[2]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[3] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[4]
The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[5]
Five families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.
Apocynaceae[]
Family: Apocynaceae,[5] 112 genera have been recorded. Not all are necessarily currently accepted.
- Genus Acokanthera:[5]
- Genus Adenium:[5]
- Genus Ancylobothrys:[5]
- Genus Anisotoma:[5]
- Genus Araujia:[5]
- Genus Arduina:[5]
- Genus Asclepias:[5]
- Genus Aspidoglossum:[5]
- Genus Astephanus:[5]
- Genus Australluma:[5]
- Genus Brachystelma:[5]
- Genus Callichilia:[5]
- Genus Calotropis:[5]
- Genus Caralluma:[5]
- Genus Carandas:[5]
- Genus Carissa:[5]
- Genus Cascabela:[5]
- Genus Catharanthus:[5]
- Genus Ceropegia:[5]
- Genus Chlorocyathus:[5]
- Genus Cordylogyne:[5]
- Genus Cryptolepis:[5]
- Genus Cryptostegia:[5]
- Genus Curroria:[5]
- Genus Cynanchum:[5]
- Genus Daemia:[5]
- Genus :[5]
- Genus Diplorhynchus:[5]
- Genus Dregea:[5]
- Genus Duvalia:[5]
- Genus Echites:[5]
- Genus Ectadiopsis:[5]
- Genus Ectadium:[5]
- Genus Emplectanthus:[5]
- Genus Ephippiocarpa:[5]
- Genus Eustegia:[5]
- Genus Fanninia:[5]
- Genus Fockea:[5]
- Genus Gomphocarpus:[5]
- Genus Gonioma:[5]
- Genus Gymnema:[5]
- Genus Holarrhena:[5]
- Genus Hoodia:[5]
- Genus Huernia:[5]
- Genus Huerniopsis:[5]
- Genus Ischnolepis:[5]
- Genus Jasminonerium:[5]
- Genus Kanahia:[5]
- Genus :[5]
- Genus Landolphia:[5]
- Genus Larryleachia:[5]
- Genus Lavrania:[5]
- Genus :[5]
- Genus :[5]
- Genus Marsdenia:[5]
- Genus Microloma:[5]
- Genus Miraglossum:[5]
- Genus Mondia:[5]
- Genus Nerium:[5]
- Genus Notechidnopsis:[5]
- Genus Oncinema:[5]
- Genus Oncinotis:[5]
- Genus Ophionella:[5]
- Genus Orbea:[5]
- Genus Orbeanthus:[5]
- Genus Orbeopsis:[5]
- Genus Orthanthera:[5]
- Genus Pachycarpus:[5]
- Genus Pachycymbium:[5]
- Genus Pachypodium:[5]
- Genus Parapodium:[5]
- Genus Pectinaria:[5]
- Genus Pentarrhinum:[5]
- Genus Pentopetia:[5]
- Genus Pergularia:[5]
- Genus Periglossum:[5]
- Genus Petopentia:[5]
- Genus Piaranthus:[5]
- Genus Quaqua:[5]
- Genus Raphionacme:[5]
- Genus Rauvolfia:[5]
- Genus Rhyssolobium:[5]
- Genus :[5]
- Genus Riocreuxia:[5]
- Genus Sarcostemma:[5]
- Genus Schizoglossum:[5]
- Genus Schizostephanus:[5]
- Genus Secamone:[5]
- Genus Sisyranthus:[5]
- Genus Sphaerocodon:[5]
- Genus Stapelia:[5]
- Genus Stapeliopsis:[5]
- Genus Stenostelma:[5]
- Genus Stomatostemma:[5]
- Genus Strophanthus:[5]
- Genus Tabernaemontana:[5]
- Genus Tacazzea:[5]
- Genus Tavaresia:[5]
- Genus Telosma:[5]
- Genus Tenaris:[5]
- Genus Thevetia:[5]
- Genus :[5]
- Genus Trichocaulon:[5]
- Genus Tridentea:[5]
- Genus Tromotriche:[5]
- Genus Tylophora:[5]
- Genus Vinca:[5]
- Genus Voacanga:[5]
- Genus Woodia:[5]
- Genus Wrightia:[5]
- Genus Xysmalobium:[5]
Asclepiadaceae[]
- Family: Asclepiadaceae,[5]
Belonites[]
Genus Belonites:[5]
- (L.f.) E.Mey. accepted as Pachypodium succulentum (L.f.) Sweet, indigenous
Neopectinaria[]
Genus :[5]
- (N.E.Br.) Plowes, accepted as (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
- Neopectinaria saxatilis (N.E.Br.) Plowes var. tulipiflora (C.A.Luckh.) Plowes, accepted as (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
- (M.B.Bayer) Plowes, accepted as (M.B.Bayer) Bruyns, indigenous
Gentianaceae[]
- Family: Gentianaceae,[5]
Anthocleista[]
Genus Anthocleista:[5]
- Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg, indigenous
Chironia[]
Genus Chironia:[5]
- Hilliard, endemic
- E.Mey. endemic
- Chironia baccifera L. endemic
- Levyns, endemic
- L. endemic
- Griseb. indigenous
- Gilg, endemic
- L. indigenous
- Chironia linoides L. subsp. emarginata (Jaroscz) I.Verd. endemic
- Chironia linoides L. subsp. linoides, endemic
- Chironia linoides L. subsp. macrocalyx (Prain) I.Verd. endemic
- Chironia linoides L. subsp. nana I.Verd. endemic
- Lam. endemic
- Burch. indigenous
- Chironia palustris Burch. subsp. palustris, indigenous
- Chironia palustris Burch. subsp. rosacea (Gilg) I.Verd. indigenous
- Chironia palustris Burch. subsp. transvaalensis (Gilg) I.Verd. indigenous
- Lindl. endemic
- Prain, endemic
- (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f. indigenous
- Chironia purpurascens (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f. subsp. humilis (Gilg) I.Verd. indigenous
- Chironia purpurascens (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f. subsp. purpurascens, indigenous
- Lehm. endemic
- I.Verd. endemic
- L.f. endemic
Enicostema[]
Genus Enicostema:[5]
- (Lam.) A.Raynal, indigenous
- Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. axillare, indigenous
- (Willd.) I.Verd. accepted as (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. axillare, present
Exacum[]
Genus Exacum:[5]
- (S.Moore) Klack. indigenous
Lagenias[]
- Lagenias pusillus (Eckl. ex Cham.) E.Mey. endemic
Neurotheca[]
Genus Neurotheca:[5]
- De Wild. & T.Durand, indigenous
- Gilg ex Baker, accepted as De Wild. & T.Durand, present
Orphium[]
- Orphium frutescens (L.) E.Mey. endemic
Sebaea[]
Genus Sebaea:[5]
- (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. endemic
- Cham. endemic
- I.M.Oliv. & Beyers, endemic
- (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. endemic
- Griseb. indigenous
- Cham. & Schltdl. indigenous
- Sebaea capitata Cham. & Schltdl. var. capitata, endemic
- Sebaea capitata Cham. & Schltdl. var. sclerosepala (Schinz) Marais, endemic
- A.W.Hill, endemic
- (Welw.) Schinz, accepted as Welw.
- E.Mey. endemic
- Schinz, indigenous
- (L.) Schinz, endemic
- (Oliv.) Schinz, indigenous
- Schinz, indigenous
- Marais, endemic
- (E.Mey.) Steud. accepted as (E.Mey.) Griseb. indigenous
- Schinz, endemic
- Gilg, endemic
- Schinz, indigenous
- N.E.Br. endemic
- Gilg, indigenous
- Schinz, indigenous
- Gilg, indigenous
- Gilg, indigenous
- A.W.Hill, endemic
- (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz, indigenous
- Sebaea micrantha (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz var. intermedia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Marais, endemic
- Sebaea micrantha (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz var. micrantha, endemic
- Schinz, endemic
- Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous
- Schinz, indigenous
- E.Mey. indigenous
- Sebaea pentandra E.Mey. var. burchellii (Gilg) Marais, indigenous
- Sebaea pentandra E.Mey. var. pentandra, indigenous
- Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, endemic
- A.W.Hill, indigenous
- Eckl. ex Cham. accepted as Lagenias pusillus (Eckl. ex Cham.) E.Mey. endemic
- Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, endemic
- Gilg, endemic
- Wolley-Dod, endemic
- Schinz, indigenous
- Schinz, indigenous
- Schinz, endemic
- Schinz, endemic
- Gilg, indigenous
- Sebaea sedoides Gilg var. confertiflora (Schinz) Marais, indigenous
- Sebaea sedoides Gilg var. schoenlandii (Schinz) Marais, indigenous
- Sebaea sedoides Gilg var. sedoides, indigenous
- (E.Mey.) Steud. indigenous
- (E.Mey.) Gilg, endemic
- Cham. & Schltdl. endemic
- Gilg, indigenous
- (S.Moore) Schinz, indigenous
- Schinz, indigenous
- Sebaea zeyheri Schinz subsp. acutiloba (Schinz) Marais, endemic
- Sebaea zeyheri Schinz subsp. cleistantha (R.A.Dyer) Marais, endemic
- Sebaea zeyheri Schinz subsp. zeyheri, endemic
Swertia[]
Genus Swertia:[5]
- Engl. indigenous
Loganiaceae[]
Family: Loganiaceae,[5]
Strychnos[]
Genus Strychnos:[5]
- Baker, indigenous
- (Pappe) Gilg, indigenous
- N.E.Br. indigenous
- Gilg, indigenous
- Strychnos madagascariensis Poir. indigenous
- S.Moore, indigenous
- Strychnos potatorum L.f. indigenous
- Strychnos pungens Soler. indigenous
- Strychnos spinosa Lam. indigenous
- Strychnos spinosa Lam. subsp. spinosa, indigenous
- Strychnos usambarensis Gilg, indigenous
Rubiaceae[]
- Family: Rubiaceae,[5] 75 genera have been recorded. Not all are necessarily currently accepted.
- Genus Afrocanthium:[5]
- Genus Agathisanthemum:[5]
- Genus Alberta:[5]
- Genus Ancylanthos:[5]
- Genus Anthospermum:[5]
- Genus Breonadia:[5]
- Genus Burchellia:[5]
- Genus Canthium:[5]
- Genus Carpacoce:[5]
- Genus Catunaregam:[5]
- Genus Cephalanthus:[5]
- Genus Coddia:[5]
- Genus Coffea:[5]
- Genus Conostomium:[5]
- Genus Coprosma:[5]
- Genus Coptosperma:[5]
- Genus Cordylostigma:[5]
- Genus Crocyllis:[5]
- Genus Crossopteryx:[5]
- Genus Diodia:[5]
- Genus Diplospora:[5]
- Genus Empogona:[5]
- Genus Eriosemopsis:[5]
- Genus Fadogia:[5]
- Genus Gaillonia:[5]
- Genus Galium:[5]
- Genus Galopina:[5]
- Genus Gardenia:[5]
- Genus Geophila:[5]
- Genus Guettarda:[5]
- Genus Hedyotis:[5]
- Genus Heinsia:[5]
- Genus Hymenodictyon:[5]
- Genus Hyperacanthus:[5]
- Genus Hypobathrum:[5]
- Genus Ixora:[5]
- Genus Keetia:[5]
- Genus Kohautia:[5]
- Genus Kraussia:[5]
- Genus Lagynias:[5]
- Genus Leptactina:[5]
- Genus Mitriostigma:[5]
- Genus Nenax:[5]
- Genus Oldenlandia:[5]
- Genus Otiophora:[5]
- Genus Oxyanthus:[5]
- Genus Pachystigma:[5]
- Genus Pavetta:[5]
- Genus Pentanisia:[5]
- Genus Pentas:[5]
- Genus Pentodon:[5]
- Genus Phylohydrax:[5]
- Genus :[5]
- Genus Plectroniella:[5]
- Genus Plocama:[5]
- Genus Psychotria:[5]
- Genus Psydrax:[5]
- Genus Pygmaeothamnus:[5]
- Genus Pyrostria:[5]
- Genus Randia:[5]
- Genus Richardia:[5]
- Genus Rothmannia:[5]
- Genus Rubia:[5]
- Genus Rytigynia:[5]
- Genus Sericanthe:[5]
- Genus Sherardia:[5]
- Genus Spermacoce:[5]
- Genus Stylocoryne:[5]
- Genus Tapiphyllum:[5]
- Genus Tarenna:[5]
- Genus Tricalysia:[5]
- Genus Trichostachys:[5]
- Genus Vangueria:[5]
References[]
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
- ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
- ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
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Categories: 
Categories:
- South African plant biodiversity lists
- Gentianales