List of Malpighiales of South Africa

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than 16,000 species, about 7.8% of the eudicots.[1][2] The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, poinsettia, manchineel, rafflesia and coca plant, and are hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is not part of any of the classification systems based only on plant morphology. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya.[3]

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[4]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[5] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[6]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[7]

20 families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Achariaceae[]

Family: Achariaceae,[7]

Acharia[]

Genus Acharia:[7]

  • Acharia tragodes Thunb. endemic

Ceratiosicyos[]

Genus Ceratiosicyos:[7]

  • (Thunb.) A.Meeuse, indigenous

Guthriea[]

Genus Guthriea:[7]

  • Guthriea capensis Bolus, indigenous

Kiggelaria[]

Genus Kiggelaria:[7]

  • Kiggelaria africana L. indigenous

Rawsonia[]

Genus Rawsonia:[7]

Xylotheca[]

Genus Xylotheca:[7]

Chrysobalanaceae[]

Family: Chrysobalanaceae,[7]

Parinari[]

Genus Parinari:[7]

  • Parinari capensis Harv. indigenous
    • Parinari capensis Harv. subsp. capensis, indigenous
    • Parinari capensis Harv. subsp. incohata F.White, indigenous
  • Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. indigenous

Clusiaceae[]

Family: Clusiaceae,[7]

Clusia[]

Genus Clusia:[7]

  • Clusia rosea Jacq. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive

Garcinia[]

Genus Garcinia:[7]

Dichapetalaceae[]

Family: Dichapetalaceae,[7]

Dichapetalum[]

Genus Dichapetalum:[7]

  • Dichapetalum cymosum (Hook.) Engl. indigenous

Tapura[]

Genus Tapura:[7]

  • Engl. indigenous

Elatinaceae[]

Family: Elatinaceae,[7]

Bergia[]

Genus Bergia:[7]

  • E.Mey. ex Fenzl, indigenous
  • L. indigenous
  • Planch. ex Harv. indigenous
  • L.f. endemic
  • Keissl. indigenous
  • Sond. indigenous
  • Bremek. indigenous

Elatine[]

Genus Elatine:[7]

  • Wight, indigenous
  • Elatine triandra Schkuhr, indigenous

Erythroxylaceae[]

Family: Erythroxylaceae,[7]

Erythroxylum[]

Genus Erythroxylum:[7]

  • Schinz, indigenous
  • Thonn. indigenous
  • E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic

Nectaropetalum[]

Genus Nectaropetalum:[7]

  • (Bolus) Stapf & Boodle, endemic
  • (Schonland) Corbishley, endemic

Euphorbiaceae[]

Main article: List of Euphorbiaceae of South Africa

Family: Euphorbiaceae,[7] 47 genera have been recorded. Not all are necessarily currently accepted.

Hypericaceae[]

Family: Hypericaceae,[7]

Hypericum[]

Genus Hypericum:[7]

  • Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. indigenous
    • Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. aethiopicum, indigenous
    • Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. sonderi (Bredell) N.Robson, indigenous
  • Hypericum androsaemum L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Hypericum canariense L. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Hypericum forrestii (Chitt.) N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Arn. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Choisy, indigenous
  • J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans, indigenous
  • Hypericum perforatum L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Hypericum pseudohenryi N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Hypericum revolutum Vahl, indigenous
    • Hypericum revolutum Vahl subsp. revolutum, indigenous
  • G.W.Schimp. ex A.Rich. indigenous
    • Hypericum roeperianum G.W.Schimp. ex A.Rich. var. roeperianum, indigenous
  • R.Keller, indigenous

Linaceae[]

Family: Linaceae,[7]

Hugonia[]

Genus Hugonia:[7]

  • Engl. indigenous

Linum[]

Genus Linum:[7]

  • C.M.Rogers, endemic
  • E.Mey. ex Planch. endemic
  • Thunb. endemic
  • L. endemic
  • C.M.Rogers, endemic
  • C.M.Rogers, endemic
  • C.M.Rogers, endemic
  • Planch. endemic
  • C.M.Rogers, endemic
  • Planch. endemic
  • L. endemic
  • Bartl. endemic
  • Eckl. & Zeyh. indigenous
  • Linum usitatissimum L. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • C.M.Rogers, endemic

Malpighiaceae[]

Family: Malpighiaceae,[7]

Acridocarpus[]

Genus Acridocarpus:[7]

  • Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. indigenous
    • Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. var. linearifolius Launert, indigenous
    • Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. var. natalitius, indigenous

Sphedamnocarpus[]

Genus Sphedamnocarpus:[7]

  • (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. indigenous
    • Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) P.D.de Villiers & D.J.B, indigenous
    • Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. pruriens, indigenous
  • (Kuntze) Burtt Davy, accepted as (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) P.D.de Villiers & D.J.B, present

Triaspis[]

Genus Triaspis:[7]

  • Engl. endemic
    • Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. indigenous
    • Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. canescens (Engl.) Immelman, indigenous
    • Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. hypericoides, indigenous
    • Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. nelsonii (Oliv.) Immelman, indigenous

Ochnaceae[]

Family: Ochnaceae,[7]

Brackenridgea[]

Genus Brackenridgea:[7]

Ochna[]

Genus Ochna:[7]

  • Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. indigenous
    • Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. var. arborea, indigenous
    • Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. var. oconnorii (E.Phillips) Du Toit, indigenous
  • N.Robson, indigenous
  • Burtt Davy & Greenway, indigenous
  • du Toit, indigenous
  • I.Verd. indigenous
  • Engl. indigenous
  • (Forssk.) Schweinf. indigenous
  • (Meisn.) Walp. indigenous
  • E.Phillips, indigenous
  • Ochna pulchra Hook.f. indigenous
  • Ochna serrulata (Hochst.) Walp. indigenous

Passifloraceae[]

Family: Passifloraceae,[7]

Adenia[]

Genus Adenia:[7]

  • Adenia digitata (Harv.) Engl. indigenous
  • Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy, indigenous
    • Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. fruticosa, endemic
    • Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. simplicifolia W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
    • Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. trifoliata W.J.de Wilde, endemic
  • Adenia glauca Schinz, indigenous
  • (Harv.) Harms, indigenous
  • Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms var. gummifera, indigenous
  • (Harv.) Schinz, indigenous
    • Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz var. glandulifera W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
    • Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz var. hastata, indigenous
  • W.J.de Wilde, endemic
  • (Burch.) Engl. indigenous
  • Burtt Davy, indigenous
  • Harms, endemic

Basananthe[]

Genus Basananthe:[7]

  • (Baker f.) W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
  • (Hutch. & K.Pearce) W.J.de Wilde, endemic
  • (Harv.) W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
  • (Bolus) W.J.de Wilde, indigenous

Paropsia[]

Genus Paropsia:[7]

  • Gilg, indigenous

Passiflora[]

Genus Passiflora:[7]

  • Passiflora caerulea L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Passiflora edulis Sims, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Passiflora foetida L. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Passiflora manicata (Juss.) Pers. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) L.H.Bailey, accepted as Passiflora tripartita Breiter var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P.Jorg. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Passiflora suberosa L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Passiflora subpeltata Ortega, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Passiflora tripartita Breiter var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P.Jorg. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Schlechterina[]

Genus Schlechterina:[7]

  • Schlechterina mitostemmatoides Harms, indigenous

Phyllanthaceae[]

Family: Phyllanthaceae,[7]

Andrachne[]

Genus Andrachne:[7]

  • Andrachne ovalis (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Mull.Arg. indigenous

Antidesma[]

Genus Antidesma:[7]

Bridelia[]

Genus Bridelia:[7]

  • G.Bertol. indigenous
    • Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. subsp. cathartica, indigenous
    • Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. var. melanthesoides forma melanthesoides, indigenous
  • Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. indigenous
  • Bridelia mollis Hutch. indigenous

Cleistanthus[]

Genus Cleistanthus:[7]

Flueggea[]

Genus Flueggea:[7]

  • (Thunb.) G.L.Webster, endemic
  • (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt, indigenous
    • Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt subsp. virosa, indigenous

Heywoodia[]

Genus Heywoodia:[7]

  • Heywoodia lucens Sim, indigenous

Hymenocardia[]

Genus Hymenocardia:[7]

  • Oliv. indigenous
    • Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. var. capensis Pax, accepted as Oliv. indigenous

Lachnostylis[]

Genus Lachnostylis:[7]

  • R.A.Dyer, endemic
  • R.H.Archer & J.C.Manning, endemic
  • (L.f.) Mull.Arg. endemic

Margaritaria[]

Genus Margaritaria:[7]

  • Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster, indigenous
    • Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster var. fagifolia (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
    • Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster var. nitida (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous

Phyllanthus[]

Genus Phyllanthus:[7]

  • Hutch. indigenous
  • Mull.Arg. accepted as Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Radcl.-Sm. present
  • I.Verd. accepted as Pax, present
  • Hutch. indigenous
  • G.L.Webster, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Sond. accepted as Thunb. present
  • Sond. indigenous
  • Hutch. ex S.Moore, indigenous
  • E.Mey. ex Mull.Arg. indigenous
  • Thunb. indigenous
  • Welw. ex Mull.Arg. indigenous
  • Pax, indigenous
    • Phyllanthus macranthus Pax var. macranthus, indigenous
  • Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. indigenous
  • Mull.Arg. indigenous
  • Sond. indigenous
  • Poir. indigenous
    • Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir. var. nummulariifolius, indigenous
  • Dinter & Pax, indigenous
  • Sond. indigenous
    • Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
    • Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. parvulus, indigenous
  • Schumach. & Thonn. indigenous
  • (Wight) G.L.Webster, indigenous
  • Pax, indigenous
  • Phyllanthus polyspermus Schumach. indigenous
  • Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. indigenous
    • Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. var. reticulatus, indigenous
  • Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Mull.Arg. accepted as Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Radcl.-Sm. present

Pseudolachnostylis[]

Genus Pseudolachnostylis:[7]

  • Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax, indigenous
    • Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax var. dekindtii (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
    • Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax var. glabra (Pax) Brenan, indigenous

Picrodendraceae[]

Family: Picrodendraceae,[7]

Androstachys[]

Genus Androstachys:[7]

  • Androstachys johnsonii Prain, indigenous

Hyaenanche[]

Genus Hyaenanche:[7]

  • Hyaenanche globosa (Gaertn.) Lamb. & Vahl, endemic

Podostemaceae[]

Family: Podostemaceae,[7]

Leiothylax[]

Genus Leiothylax:[7]

  • (Engl.) Warm. accepted as Letestuella tisserantii G.Taylor

Sphaerothylax[]

Genus Sphaerothylax:[7]

  • Bisch. ex C.Krauss, indigenous

Tristicha[]

Genus Tristicha:[7]

  • (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng. indigenous
  • Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng. subsp. trifaria, indigenous

Putranjivaceae[]

Family: Putranjivaceae,[7]

Drypetes[]

Genus Drypetes:[7]

  • Drypetes arguta (Mull.Arg.) Hutch. indigenous
  • Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. indigenous
    • Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. var. gerrardii, indigenous
    • Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. var. tomentosa Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
  • Hutch. indigenous
  • (Harv.) Hutch. indigenous
    • Drypetes natalensis (Harv.) Hutch. var. natalensis, indigenous
  • Pax, indigenous

Rhizophoraceae[]

Family: Rhizophoraceae,[7]

Bruguiera[]

Genus Bruguiera:[7]

  • Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. indigenous

Cassipourea[]

Genus Cassipourea:[7]

  • Cassipourea flanaganii (Schinz) Alston, endemic
  • (Schinz) Alston, accepted as (Baker) Alston, present
  • Tul. indigenous
    • Cassipourea gummiflua Tul. var. verticillata (N.E.Br.) J.Lewis, indigenous
  • (Baker) Alston, indigenous
  • (Brehmer) Alston, indigenous
  • Cassipourea swaziensis Compton, indigenous

Ceriops[]

Genus Ceriops:[7]

  • Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob. indigenous

Rhizophora[]

Genus Rhizophora:[7]

  • Rhizophora mucronata Lam. indigenous

Salicaceae[]

Family: Salicaceae,[7]

Casearia[]

Genus Casearia:[7]

Dovyalis[]

Genus Dovyalis:[7]

  • Dovyalis caffra (Hook.f. & Harv.) Warb. indigenous
  • (Harv.) Warb. indigenous
  • Sim, indigenous
  • J.E.Thom, accepted as (Sond.) Warb. present
  • (Burch. ex DC.) Burch. & Harv. indigenous
  • (Thunb.) Thunb. & Harv. endemic
  • (Sond.) Warb. indigenous

Flacourtia[]

Genus Flacourtia:[7]

Homalium[]

Genus Homalium:[7]

  • (Harv.) Warb. indigenous
  • Homalium rufescens Benth. endemic
  • Sprague, accepted as (Harv.) Warb. present

Oncoba[]

Genus Oncoba:[7]

  • Oncoba spinosa Forssk. indigenous
    • Oncoba spinosa Forssk. subsp. spinosa, indigenous

Populus[]

Genus Populus:[7]

  • Populus alba L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
    • Populus alba L. var. alba, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Populus canescens (Aiton) Sm. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall subsp. deltoides, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Populus nigra L. not indigenous, naturalised
    • Populus nigra L. var. italica Munchh. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Pseudoscolopia[]

Genus Pseudoscolopia:[7]

Salix[]

Genus Salix:[7]

  • Salix babylonica L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
    • Salix babylonica L. var. babylonica, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Salix caprea L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Salix mucronata Thunb. indigenous
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Immelman, accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. mucronata, present
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. hirsuta (Thunb.) Immelman, endemic
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. mucronata, indigenous
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. wilmsii (Seemen) Immelman, accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. woodii (Seemen) Immelman, present
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. woodii (Seemen) Immelman, indigenous
  • Willd. accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. subserrata (Willd.) R.H.Archer & Jordaan
  • Salix x fragilis L. var. fragilis, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Scolopia[]

Genus Scolopia:[7]

  • (Bolus) Sim, endemic
  • Scolopia mundii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Warb. indigenous
  • Scolopia oreophila (Sleumer) Killick, endemic
  • Gilg & Sleumer, indigenous
    • Scolopia stolzii Gilg & Sleumer var. stolzii, indigenous
  • (Nees) Harv. indigenous

Trimeria[]

Genus Trimeria:[7]

  • (Hochst.) Warb. indigenous
    • Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb. subsp. grandifolia, indigenous
  • Harv. endemic

Turneraceae[]

Family: Turneraceae,[7]

Afroqueta[]

Genus Afroqueta:[7]

  • (Harv.) Thulin & Razafim. indigenous

Piriqueta[]

Genus Piriqueta:[7]

  • (Harv.) Urb. accepted as (Harv.) Thulin & Razafim. indigenous

Streptopetalum[]

Genus Streptopetalum:[7]

  • Hochst. indigenous

Tricliceras[]

Genus Tricliceras:[7]

  • (Klotzsch) R.Fern. indigenous
  • (Oberm.) Oberm. indigenous
  • (Mast.) R.Fern. indigenous
    • Tricliceras longepedunculatum (Mast.) R.Fern. var. longepedunculatum, indigenous
  • (A.Fern. & R.Fern.) R.Fern. indigenous
  • (Urb.) R.Fern. indigenous
    • Tricliceras schinzii (Urb.) R.Fern. subsp. schinzii var. juttae, indigenous
  • (Klotzsch) R.Fern. indigenous

Violaceae[]

Family: Violaceae, [7]

Hybanthus[]

Genus Hybanthus:[7]

  • (Thunb.) Engl. indigenous
  • Engl. indigenous
  • (L.) F.Muell. not indigenous, naturalised
    • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. caffer (Sond.) N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised
    • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. enneaspermus, not indigenous, naturalised
    • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. serratus Engl. not indigenous, naturalised
  • (L.f.) Baill. not indigenous, naturalised

Rinorea[]

Genus Rinorea:[7]

  • (Thouars) Baill. indigenous
    • Rinorea angustifolia (Thouars) Baill. subsp. natalensis (Engl.) Grey-Wilson, indigenous
  • A.E.van Wyk, endemic
  • (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze, indigenous
    • Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze subsp. ilicifolia, indigenous
    • Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze subsp. ilicifolia var. ilicifolia, indigenous

Viola[]

Genus Viola:[7]

  • Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. indigenous
  • Viola arvensis Murray, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Viola decumbens L.f. indigenous
    • Viola decumbens L.f. var. decumbens, endemic
    • Viola decumbens L.f. var. scrotiformis (DC.) Jessop, endemic
  • Viola hederacea Labill. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Viola priceana Pollard, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Viola tricolor L. not indigenous, naturalised

References[]

  1. ^ Endress, Peter K.; Davis, Charles C.; Matthews, Merran L. (May 2013). "Advances in the floral structural characterization of the major subclades of Malpighiales, one of the largest orders of flowering plants". Annals of Botany. 111 (5): 969–985. doi:10.1093/aob/mct056.
  2. ^ Stevens, P.F. (2020) [2001]. "Malpighiales". AP Web v. 14. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  3. ^ Magallón, Susana; Castillo, Amanda (2009). "Angiosperm diversification through time". American Journal of Botany. 96 (1): 349–365. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800060. PMID 21628193.
  4. ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
  5. ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  6. ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
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