Osmaniye

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For other uses, see Osmaniye (disambiguation).
Osmaniye
Municipality
Osmaniye is located in Turkey
Osmaniye
Osmaniye
Coordinates: 37°04′30″N 36°15′00″E / 37.07500°N 36.25000°E / 37.07500; 36.25000Coordinates: 37°04′30″N 36°15′00″E / 37.07500°N 36.25000°E / 37.07500; 36.25000
CountryTurkey
ProvinceOsmaniye
Government
 • MayorKadir Kara (MHP)
Area
[1]
 • District746.71 km2 (288.31 sq mi)
Population
 (2012)[2]
 • Urban
209,255
 • District
239,910
 • District density320/km2 (830/sq mi)
Websitewww.osmaniye.bel.tr

Osmaniye (pronounced [osˈmaːnije]) is a city in the Çukurova region of Turkey, the capital of Osmaniye Province. Area 3,767 km². Population of Osmaniye city: 219,339. Osmaniye Province: 512,804 (2014). Osmaniye is at an elevation of 125 meters (410.1 feet).

Located on the eastern edge of the Çukurova plain in the foothills of the Nur Mountains, the gateway between Anatolia and the Middle East, Osmaniye is on the Silk Road, a place of strategic importance and has been a settlement for various civilizations including the Hittites, Persians, Eastern Romans and Armenians.

The Islamic presence in the area was first established by the Abbasid Caliph Harun Rashid, auxiliaries in his army being the first Turks to fight in Anatolia. They obviously took a shine to the place and following the Turkish victory over the Byzantines at Malazgirt in 1071 waves of Turkish conquest began. The Nur Mountains were settled by the Ulaşlı tribe of the Turkmens.

The Ulaşlı remained the local power through into the period of the Ottoman Empire and were even involved in the Celali uprisings, during a period of uncertain Ottoman rule in the 17th century. Eventually, in 1865 the Ottoman general Derviş Paşa was charged with bringing law and order to Çukurova. He established his headquarters in the Osmaniye villages of Dereobası, Fakıuşağı, Akyar and brought the Ulaşlı down from the high mountains to the village of Hacıosmanlı. This eventually became the province of Osmaniye. The city of Osmaniye was formally a district governorate and between 1924 and 1933 capital of the province. However, in 1933 the province was abolished and Osmaniye was made the district governorate of Adana province which continued till 1996.

Osmaniye today[]

Today Osmaniye is a country town, the centre of a rich agricultural region well watered by the Ceyhan river system and well known for growing peanuts. There is plenty of forest too and much of the surrounding countryside is very attractive. However, the town was made a provincial capital in 1996 and as such is now receiving some investment in infrastructure, and beginning to feel more like a city then a rural market town. There is a ring road, and taller buildings. The cuisine is typical of the region; kabab, şalgam (a drink made of pickled turnips), and baklava. The local specialty is a kind of bread/pretzel called simit and tirşik, toğga... etc. In summer the weather is very hot, and most residents of Osmaniye try to escape either to the nearby Mediterranean coast or up into the Nur mountains. The plateau of Zorkun is a popular mountain retreat in summertime. There are also 2 Roman cities remaining, consisting of roads and antique theater, called Hieropolis and Kastabala. The city is only 25 km from the Mediterranean coast of Dörtyol.

Climate[]

Osmaniye has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa, Trewartha: Cs). Summers are very hot and dry while the winters are mild and wet.

Climate data for Osmaniye (1991–2020, extremes 1987–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 23.7
(74.7) 		28.0
(82.4) 		32.0
(89.6) 		36.5
(97.7) 		41.7
(107.1) 		42.6
(108.7) 		42.8
(109.0) 		43.6
(110.5) 		45.0
(113.0) 		38.4
(101.1) 		31.0
(87.8) 		29.0
(84.2) 		45.0
(113.0)
Average high °C (°F) 14.5
(58.1) 		16.0
(60.8) 		19.3
(66.7) 		23.3
(73.9) 		27.7
(81.9) 		31.3
(88.3) 		33.4
(92.1) 		34.3
(93.7) 		32.2
(90.0) 		28.4
(83.1) 		21.8
(71.2) 		16.1
(61.0) 		24.9
(76.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 8.8
(47.8) 		10.1
(50.2) 		13.2
(55.8) 		17.0
(62.6) 		21.3
(70.3) 		25.2
(77.4) 		27.9
(82.2) 		28.6
(83.5) 		25.7
(78.3) 		21.2
(70.2) 		14.6
(58.3) 		10.1
(50.2) 		18.6
(65.5)
Average low °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8) 		4.7
(40.5) 		7.5
(45.5) 		11.0
(51.8) 		15.1
(59.2) 		19.1
(66.4) 		22.6
(72.7) 		23.3
(73.9) 		19.6
(67.3) 		14.6
(58.3) 		8.4
(47.1) 		5.1
(41.2) 		12.9
(55.2)
Record low °C (°F) −8.5
(16.7) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		0.1
(32.2) 		4.6
(40.3) 		11.5
(52.7) 		15.0
(59.0) 		15.0
(59.0) 		7.8
(46.0) 		4.1
(39.4) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−8.5
(16.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 106.5
(4.19) 		99.8
(3.93) 		116.9
(4.60) 		87.2
(3.43) 		74.2
(2.92) 		42.4
(1.67) 		19.8
(0.78) 		10.7
(0.42) 		34.6
(1.36) 		68.1
(2.68) 		86.6
(3.41) 		93.0
(3.66) 		839.8
(33.06)
Average precipitation days 10.87 10.57 11.33 11.27 7.97 3.57 1.73 1.43 3.97 7.23 7.30 10.20 87.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 108.5 110.2 151.9 180.0 232.5 228.0 238.7 226.3 207.0 167.4 114.0 99.2 2,063.7
Mean daily sunshine hours 3.5 3.9 4.9 6.0 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.3 6.9 5.4 3.8 3.2 5.6
Source: Turkish State Meteorological Service[3]

References[]

  1. ^ "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. ^ "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  3. ^ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 7 August 2021.

External links[]

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