1630s

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The 1630s decade ran from January 1, 1630, to December 31, 1639.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
  • 16th century
  • 17th century
  • 18th century
Decades:
  • 1610s
  • 1620s
  • 1630s
  • 1640s
  • 1650s
Years:
  • 1630
  • 1631
  • 1632
  • 1633
  • 1634
  • 1635
  • 1636
  • 1637
  • 1638
  • 1639
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • By country
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  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments

Events

1630

January–June[]

  • February 22Native American Quadequine introduces popcorn to English colonists.
  • MarchFedorovych Uprising: Zaporozhian Cossacks rebel against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and occupy a large part of modern-day Ukraine. After a number of indecisive skirmishes with a Polish army sent to pacify the region, the Treaty of Pereyaslav is signed, ending the uprising.
  • March 3 – A fleet sent by the Dutch West India Company captures Recife from the Portuguese, establishing Dutch Brazil.
  • March 9 – The 1630 Crete earthquake occurs.
  • April 8Puritan migration to New England (1620-1640): Winthrop Fleet – The ship Arbella and three others set sail from the Solent in England, with 400 passengers under the leadership of John Winthrop, headed for the Massachusetts Bay Colony in America; seven more, with another 300 aboard, follow in the next few weeks.
  • June – Scottish-born Presbyterian (and former physician) Alexander Leighton is brought before Archbishop William Laud's Star Chamber court in London for publishing the seditious pamphlet An Appeale to the Parliament, or, Sions Plea Against the Prelacy, an attack on Anglican bishops (printed in the Netherlands, 1628). He is sentenced to be pilloried and whipped, have his ears cropped, one side of his nose slit, and his face branded with "SS" (for "sower of sedition"), to be imprisoned, and be degraded from holy orders.[1]
  • June 6Swedish warships depart from Stockholm, Sweden for Central Europe.
  • June 14 – Passengers of the Arbella, including Anne Bradstreet, America's first poet of significance, finally set foot in the New World at Salem, Massachusetts.

July–December[]

  • July – The Italian plague of 1629–31 reaches Venice.
  • July 6
    • The Success, last ship of the Winthrop Fleet, lands safely at Salem harbor, Massachusetts Bay Colony.
    • Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War begins when King Gustav Adolf of Sweden, leading an army of 13,000 on the Protestant side, makes landfall at Peenemünde, Pomerania.
  • July 9Thirty Years' War: Stettin is taken by Swedish forces.
  • July 18War of the Mantuan Succession: Mantua is sacked by an army of the Holy Roman Empire, led by Count Johann von Aldringen.
  • July 30John Winthrop helps in founding a church in Massachusetts, which will later become known as First Church in Boston.
  • AugustThirty Years' War: As a result of heavy pressure from the Prince-electors, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, dismisses general Albrecht von Wallenstein from command of the Imperial Army.
  • September 4Thirty Years' War: the Treaty of Stettin is signed by Sweden and the Duchy of Pomerania, forming a close alliance between them, as well as giving Sweden full military control over Pomerania.
  • September 17 (September 7 Old Style) – The settlement of Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony is founded.[2]
  • September 24 – The first ship of de Sauce's emigrants arrive at Southampton Hundred, on the James River in Virginia.
  • October 13War of the Mantuan Succession: the Peace of Regensburg is signed. Charles Gonzaga is confirmed as Duke of Mantua.
  • November 1012Day of the Dupes: Marie de' Medici unsuccessfully attempts to oust Cardinal Richelieu from the French Court.[3]

Date unknown[]

  • Paramaribo (in modern-day Suriname) is first settled by the English.
  • The Deccan Famine of 1630–32 in India begins; it will kill some two million.
  • In the Mughal Empire, Shah Jahan's Pearl Mosque at Lahore Fort is consecrated (completed 1635).
  • The central square of Covent Garden in London is laid out, and a market begins to develop there.
  • Johann Heinrich Alsted's Encyclopaedia septem tomis distincta is published.
  • Settlers leave Pannaway Plantation and begin to settle in Strawbery Banke which in 1653 is renamed Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

1631

January–June[]

  • January 23Thirty Years' War: Sweden and France sign the Treaty of Bärwalde, a military alliance in which France provides funds for the Swedish army invading northern Germany.[4]
  • February 5 – Purital leader Roger Williams arrives in Boston.[5]
  • February 16 – The Reval Gymnasium is founded in Tallinn, Estonia, by Swedish king Gustavus II Adolphus.
  • February 20 – A fire breaks out in Westminster Hall, but is put out before it can cause serious destruction.[6]
  • April 13Thirty Years' War: Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden defeats an imperial garrison at the city of Frankfurt an der Oder.
  • May 18 – In Dorchester, Massachusetts, John Winthrop takes the oath of office, and becomes the first Governor of Massachusetts.
  • May 20Thirty Years' War: After a two-month siege, an Imperial army under the command of Tilly storms the German city of Magdeburg, and brutally sacks it, massacring over 20,000 inhabitants. Shocked by the massacre, many Protestant states in the Holy Roman Empire decide to ally with Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, and support his ongoing invasion.
  • May 28William Claiborne sails from England to establish a trading post on Kent Island, the first English settlement in Maryland.[7]
  • May 30
    • Thirty Years' War: Bavaria and France sign the Treaty of Fontainebleau, forming a secret alliance; however, this does not last long.
    • La Gazette, the first French newspaper, is founded.
  • June 17 – The death in childbirth of Mumtaz Mahal at Burhanpur causes her husband Shah Jahan to commission the Taj Mahal at Agra, as a mausoleum for her. Construction is started in 1632, and finished in 1653.
  • June 19War of the Mantuan Succession: The Treaty of Cherasco is signed, ending the War of the Mantuan Succession.
  • June 20Algerian pirates sack Baltimore, County Cork, in Ireland.

July–December[]

  • July 16 – The city of Würzburg is taken by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, putting an end to the Würzburg witch trials, but not before an estimated 900 people from the city and its environs have been burned at the stake for witchcraft.
  • July 22Thirty Years' WarBattle of Werben: Tilly defeats Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, but not decisively.
  • AugustThirty Years' War: Running out of supplies, Tilly is forced to send his army into the Electorate of Saxony in order to secure supplies, as well as to force a reaction from John George, Elector of Saxony and Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.
  • September 11Thirty Years' War: As a result of Tilly's invasion, John George, Elector of Saxony, who has until now stayed neutral, allies with Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, in order to drive the Imperial army out of Saxony.
  • September 1213Eighty Years' WarBattle of the Slaak: A Spanish fleet carrying an invasion force is intercepted and almost completely destroyed by a Dutch fleet.
  • September 12Eighty Years' WarBattle of Albrolhos: A Spanish fleet, under the command of Admiral Antonio de Oquendo, defeats a Dutch fleet off the coast of Brazil.
  • September 17Thirty Years' WarBattle of Breitenfeld: Tilly's imperial army is decisively defeated by Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden, shattering the imperial army of the Holy Roman Empire, and marking the first significant victory for the Protestants in the war.
  • October 10Thirty Years' War: A Saxon army takes over Prague.
  • December 16 – A volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius at Pompeii occurs, for the first time in several centuries.[8]
  • December 23Thirty Years' War: Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden takes the city of Mainz, without any resistance.

Date unknown[]

1632

January–June[]

  • January – The Holland's Leguer, a brothel in London, is closed after having been besieged for a month.
  • February 22Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published in Florence.
  • MarchThirty Years' War: Gustavus Adolphus invades Bavaria with his army.
  • March 9Thirty Years' War: Battle of BambergJohann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, commander of the Catholic League defeats the Swedish army under Gustav Horn and recaptures the town of Bamberg.
  • March 29 – The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye is signed, returning Quebec to French control, after the English had seized it in 1629.[9]
  • April 15Thirty Years' War: Battle of RainGustavus Adolphus defeats Tilly's Catholic League armies for the second time within a year; Tilly is severely wounded during the battle and dies on April 30.
  • May 17Thirty Years' War: Munich, capital of Bavaria, is captured by the Swedish army.
  • June 15Sir Francis Windebank is made chief Secretary of State in England.
  • June 17Shah Jahan's beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal dies, after giving birth to their 14th child. Soon after, construction of the Taj Mahal, begins.
  • June 20Charles I of England issues a charter for the colony of Maryland (named in honor of Henrietta Maria), under the control of Lord Baltimore.
  • June 20 – Two ships, Saint Jean (250 tons) and L'Esperance-en-Dieu, set sail from La Rochelle in France bound for Acadia in North America.
  • June 25Fasilides, Emperor of Ethiopia in succession to his father Susenyos, declares the state religion of the country again to be Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and confiscates the lands of the Jesuit missionaries, relegating them to Fremona.
  • June 30 – The University of Tartu is founded.[10]
  • JuneEighty Years' War: Leading a Dutch army, Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange captures in short succession the cities of Venlo, Roermond and Sittard, before besieging the city of Maastricht.

July–December[]

  • July 23 – Three hundred colonists for New France depart Dieppe.
  • August 22Eighty Years' War: A Dutch army, led by Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, captures the city of Maastricht after a two-month siege.
  • September 1Battle of Castelnaudary: A rebellion against French king Louis XIII is crushed. The leader of the rebellion, Gaston, Duke of Orléans, the brother of Louis XIII, surrenders.[11]
  • September 9Thirty Years' War: Battle of the Alte Veste – Besieged by Wallenstein at Nuremberg, Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus attempts to break the siege, but is defeated.
  • October 15 – The University of Tartu officially opens, in Swedish Livonia.
  • October 30Henri II de Montmorency, is executed for his participation in the rebellion of Gaston, Duke of Orléans, against French king Louis XIII.
  • November 8Wladyslaw IV Waza is elected king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, after Sigismund III Vasa's death.
  • November 16 (November 6 Old Style) – Thirty Years' War: Battle of Lützen[12] in Saxony – Swedish king Gustavus II Adolphus leads an assault on Wallenstein's army, but is killed early in the battle, despite which the Swedish commanders manage to rally the army and eventually defeat Wallenstein, who withdraws from Saxony. Following the death of Gustavus Adolphus, he is succeeded as ruler of Sweden by his six-year-old daughter Christina, while five regents (headed by Axel Oxenstierna) govern the country. On November 17, Gottfried zu Pappenheim, Field Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire, dies from wounds sustained in the battle.

Date unknown[]

  • Antigua and Barbuda is first colonized by England.
  • The Portuguese are driven out of Bengal.
  • Yakutsk, Russia is founded.
  • King Władysław IV Vasa of Poland forbids anti-Semitic books and printings.
  • The rural parish of Loppi was founded.[13]
  • Construction of the Taj Mahal begins.
  • Catharina Stopia succeeds her spouse as Sweden's ambassador to Russia, becoming perhaps the first female diplomat in Europe.[14]
  • Approximate date – Last inhabitants leave the original city of Reimerswaal in Zeeland.

1633

January–June[]

  • February 13
    • Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition.
    • Fire engines are used for the first time in England in order to control and extinguish a fire that breaks out at London Bridge, but not before 43 houses are destroyed.[6]
  • March 1Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France, on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
  • April 12Galileo Galilei is convicted of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church. [15]
  • June 18Charles I is crowned King of Scots at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, according to Anglican rite in his first visit to Scotland since early childhood, although he has been Scottish monarch since 1625.[16]
  • June 22 – The Roman Catholic Church forces Galileo Galilei to recant his heliocentric view of the Solar System. According to legend, he claims Eppur si muove.

July–December[]

  • July 7 – The Dutch East India Company fleet, led by Hans Putmans, attacks by surprise its ally Zheng Zhilong's base, near Xiamen.
  • July 8Thirty Years' War: Battle of Oldendorf – The Sweden defeats the Holy Roman Empire near Hessisch Oldendorf.
  • July 8 – The epoch of the Javanese calendar, created by Sultan Agung of Mataram. It coincides with the start of the Hijri Year 1043 but the year numbering continues those of the pre-existing Saka calendar, thus making the calendar starts from year 1555 instead of 1.
  • August 6William Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.
  • September 25 – Entry of King Louis XIII of France into Nancy marking the occupation of the Duchy of Lorraine by France.[17]
  • September 26 – A group from the Plymouth Colony settles in Windsor, Connecticut, making it the first settlement in the state.
  • October 17 – Thirty Years' War: Siege of RheinfeldenSpain recaptures Rheinfelden from Sweden.
  • October 22Battle of Liaoluo Bay: A large Ming dynasty fleet under Zheng Zhilong defeats a Dutch East India Company fleet at the island of Quemoy.

Date unknown[]

  • The Jews of Poznań are granted the privilege of forbidding Christians to enter into their city quarter.
  • Emperor of Ethiopia Fasilides expels Jesuit missionaries.
  • Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu of Japan issues the Sakoku Edict of 1635 outlawing Christianity, enforcing a policy of extreme isolationism (sakoku) until 1853.
  • St Columb's Cathedral, Derry, Ireland, the first post-Reformation Anglican cathedral built in the British Isles and the first Protestant cathedral built in Europe, is completed.[18]
  • Mission San Luis de Apalachee is built in the New World by two Spanish friars.
  • English colonists settle what will become the town of Hingham, Massachusetts.
  • A professorship in Arabic studies is founded at the University of Cambridge in England.

1634

January–June[]

  • February 2425 – Rebel Scots and Irish soldiers kill Bohemian military leader Albrecht von Wallenstein at Cheb.
  • March – Belgian scientist Jan Baptist van Helmont is interrogated by the Spanish Inquisition and put on house arrest for his experiments into plant growth.
  • March 1 – The Russians vacate their camp, ending the Siege of Smolensk.[19]
  • March 25Leonard Calvert arrives in Maryland, with Jesuit missionaries Andrew White, John Altham Gravenor, and Thomas Gervase, establishing St. Mary's as the fourth permanent settlement in British North America. In this year they also establish an institution of higher learning there, which later becomes Georgetown University, North America's oldest university.
  • June 14 – The Treaty of Polyanovka is signed between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia, concluding the Smolensk War.

July–December[]

  • July 4 – The city of Trois-Rivières is founded in New France (the modern-day Canadian province of Quebec).
  • August (prob.) – Jean Nicolet becomes the first European to set foot in Wisconsin. He is in search of a water-route to the Pacific, when he lands at Green Bay (Lake Michigan).
  • August 18Urbain Grandier, accused of wizardry, is burned alive in Loudun, France.
  • September 56 – The Battle of Nördlingen results in a decisive victory for the Army of the Holy Roman Empire and Habsburg Spain.[20]
  • September 12 – A gunpowder factory explodes in Valletta, Malta, killing 22 people and damaging several buildings.
  • October 1112 – The Burchardi flood (also known as the second Grote Mandrenke) strikes the North Sea coast of Germany and Denmark, causing 8,000–12,000 deaths.
  • November 11 – The Irish House of Commons passes an Act for the Punishment of the Vice of Buggery.

Date unknown[]

  • Curaçao is captured by the Dutch.
  • The English establish a settlement at Cochin (modern-day Kochi) on the Malabar Coast.
  • Suspecting that Patriarch Afonso Mendes played a part in the Portuguese assault on Mombasa, Emperor Fasilides expels him and several Jesuit missionaries from Ethiopia.
  • The Académie Française is formed by Cardinal Richelieu (it will be formally established in 1635).
  • The first performance of the Oberammergau Passion Play is held in Bavaria.
  • Moses Amyraut's Traité de la predestination is published.
  • The Paulaner Brewery is established in Munich, by Minim friars.

1635

January–June[]

  • February 22 – The Académie française in Paris is formally constituted, as the national academy for the preservation of the French language.[21]
  • April 13Druze warlord Fakhr-al-Din II is executed in Constantinople.
  • May – France declares war on Spain.
  • May 30Thirty Years' War – The Peace of Prague is signed, which ends the German civil war aspect of the conflict.[22]

July–December[]

  • July 31 – The Royal Mail service is made available to the public, by Charles I of England.
  • August 25 – The Great Colonial Hurricane strikes Narragansett Bay as a possible Category 3 hurricane, killing over 46 people.
  • September 12 – The Treaty of Sztumska Wieś is signed, between Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[23]
  • October 9Rhode Island founder Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident, after speaking out against punishments for religious offenses, and giving away Native American land.
  • November 15Thomas Parr, dead at the alleged age of 152, is buried in Westminster Abbey.
  • November 22 – The Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa, against Taiwanese aborigines, begins.

Date unknown[]

  • Guadeloupe and Martinique are colonized by France.
  • Dominica is claimed by France.
  • The Ottomans are expelled from Yemen.
  • In the Mughal Empire, Shah Jahan's Pearl Mosque at Lahore Fort is completed.
  • Nagyszombat University (predecessor of Budapest University) is established.
  • Boston Latin School, the oldest school in the United States of America, is founded in Boston, Massachusetts.
  • Japan forbids merchants to travel abroad, under penalty of death.
  • A Japanese imperial memorandum decrees: "Hereafter entry by the Portuguese galeota is forbidden. If they insist on coming, the ships must be destroyed and anyone aboard those ships must be beheaded."
  • Willem and Joan Blaeu publish the first edition of their Atlas Novus, in Amsterdam.

1636

January–June[]

  • March 5 (February 24 Old Style) – King Christian of Denmark gives an order, that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen, to build ships or to work as galley rowers.
  • March 13 (March 3 Old Style) – A "great charter" to the University of Oxford establishes the Oxford University Press, as the second of the privileged presses in England.[24]
  • March 26Utrecht University is founded in the Dutch Republic.
  • April 30Eighty Years' War: The nine-month Siege of Schenkenschans ends, when forces of the Dutch Republic recapture the strategically important fort from the Spanish.
  • May 14William Pynchon and his men establish the settlement of Springfield, Massachusetts Bay Colony (they will deed the land later that year, on July 15th).

July–December[]

  • August 15
    • The Spanish besiege Corbie, France.
  • August 25 (August 15 Old Style) – The covenant of the Town of Dedham, Massachusetts Bay Colony is first signed.
  • September 18 (September 8 Old Style) – A vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony establishes New College (Harvard University), as the first college founded in North America.[25]
  • October 4 (September 24 Old Style) – Thirty Years' WarBattle of Wittstock: A Swedish-allied army defeats a combined Imperial-Saxon army.
  • December 23 (December 13 Old Style) – The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the United States National Guard.

Date unknown[]

  • Thirty Years' War: French intervention starts.[26]
  • Manchus occupy the Liaoning region in north China, select Shenyang (Mukden) as their capital, and proclaim the new Qing dynasty (pure).
  • The shōgun forbids Japanese to travel abroad, and those abroad from returning home.
  • Emperor Fasilides founds the city of Gondar, which becomes the capital of Ethiopia for the next two centuries.
  • In the American colonies, Roger Williams (theologian) founds Rhode Island.
  • The first American ancestor of John Adams, Henry Adams, emigrates to Massachusetts.
  • The first synagogue of the New World, Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, is founded in Recife by the Dutch.

1637


January–June[]

  • JanuaryPierre Corneille's tragicomedy Le Cid is first performed, in Paris, France.
  • February 3Tulip mania collapses in the Dutch Republic.[27]
  • February 15Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.[28]
  • February 18Eighty Years' WarBattle off Lizard Point: Off the coast of Cornwall, England, a Spanish fleet intercepts an Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by six warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.
  • March 25 – The Blessed Virgin is proclaimed Queen of Genoa.[29]
  • April 10Plymouth Colony grants the "tenn menn of Saugust" a new settlement on Cape Cod, later named Sandwich, Massachusetts.
  • April 30 – King Charles I of England issues a proclamation, attempting to stem emigration to the North American colonies.[30]
  • May 26Pequot WarMystic massacre: A band of English settlers under Captain John Mason, and their Narragansett and Mohegan allies, set fire to a fortified village of the Mashantucket Pequot Tribe near the Mystic River. Between 400 and 700 people, mostly women, children and old men, are killed.
  • May – Chinese encyclopedist Song Yingxing publishes his Tiangong Kaiwu ("Exploitation of the Works of Nature"), considered one of the most valuable encyclopedias of classical China.
  • June 27 – The first English venture to China is attempted by Captain John Weddell, who sails into port in Macau and Canton during the late Ming Dynasty, with six ships. The voyages are for trade, which is dominated here by the Portuguese (at this time combined with the power of Spain). He brings 38,421 pairs of eyeglasses, perhaps the first recorded European-made eyeglasses to enter China.[31]
  • July 23 – After a court battle, King Charles I of England hands over title to the North American colony of Massachusetts to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, one of the founders of Plymouth Council for New England.
  • September 29 – 42-year-old Lorenzo Ruiz dies.
  • October 13 – English Royal Navy first-rate ship of the line HMS Sovereign of the Seas is launched at Woolwich Dockyard at a cost of £65,586, adorned from stern to bow with gilded carvings, after a design by Anthony van Dyck.
  • December 17 – The Shimabara Rebellion erupts in Japan, when 30,000 peasants in the heavily Catholic area of northern Kyūshū revolt.

Date unknown[]

  • Second Manchu invasion of Korea: The Joseon court reluctantly submits to the Manchu's demands of vassalhood, while continuing to pledge loyalty to the Chinese Ming Dynasty.
  • Pierre de Fermat makes a notation, in a document margin, claiming to have proof of what will become known as Fermat's Last Theorem.
  • René Descartes promotes intellectual rigour in his Discourse on the Method, and introduces the Cartesian coordinate system in its appendix La Géométrie (published in Leiden).[32]
  • France places a few missionaries in the Ivory Coast, a country it will rule more than 200 years later.
  • The first opera house, Teatro San Cassiano, opens in Venice.
  • Scottish army officer Robert Monro publishes Monro, His Expedition With the Worthy Scots Regiment Called Mac-Keys in London, the first military history in English.[33]
  • Elizabeth Poole becomes the first female founder of a town (Taunton, Massachusetts) in the Americas.
  • Richard Norwood's book The Seaman's Practice is published for the first time.

1638

January–June[]

  • February 28 – The Scottish National Covenant is signed in Edinburgh, Scotland.[34]
  • March 3Battle of Rheinfelden: A mercenary army under Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, fighting for France, defeats Imperial forces.[35]
  • March 5Thirty Years' War – The Treaty of Hamburg is signed by France and Sweden.
  • March 22Anne Hutchinson is banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for heresy, and goes to Rhode Island.
  • March 29 – Settlers from Sweden arrive on the ships Kalmar Nyckel and Fogel Grip, to establish the settlement of New Sweden in Delaware, beginning the Swedish colonization of the Americas.
  • April 3John Wheelwright is banished from Boston, and founds Exeter, New Hampshire.
  • April 15Shogunate forces defeat the last remnants of the Shimabara Rebellion, in the fortress of Hara.
  • May 13 – Construction begins on the Red Fort in Delhi (India) for Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan who is transferring his capital there from Agra.
  • May 23 – The Kandyan Treaty is signed between Singhala King Rajasimha II and the Dutch, to rid Ceylon of the Portuguese.
  • June 20Eighty Years' WarBattle of Kallo: Spanish troops under Ferdinand of Austria defeat a much larger Dutch force, near Antwerp.
  • June 27Patriarch Cyril of Constantinople is deposed for high treason, and strangled and thrown into the sea by Janissaries, on Ottoman Sultan Murad IV's command.

July–December[]

  • September 21 – The Treaty of Hartford is signed, ending the Pequot War between British American colonists and the Pequot.
  • September – John Spofford arrives in Boston Harbor, on the ship John of London, and is one of the first people to establish Rowely, Essex County, Massachusetts.
  • October 21The Great Thunderstorm breaks out in Widecombe-in-the-Moor, England.
  • November – The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is summoned to Glasgow, by King Charles I of England.
  • December 18Cardinal Mazarin becomes the first adviser to French potentate Richelieu, on the death of Leclerc du Tremblay.
  • December 21 – The full moon is in total eclipse[where?] from 1:12 to 2:47 UT, and the solstice occurs later in the day, at 16:05 UT.
  • December 25Capture of Baghdad by the Ottomans under Sultan Murad IV.

Date unknown[]

  • Scottish Covenanters meet at Muchalls Castle, to compose responses to the Bishops of Aberdeen.
  • Pedro Teixeira makes the first ascent of the Amazon River, from its mouth to Quito, Ecuador (the same trip had been made in the opposite direction, in 1541).
  • Dutch merchant Willem Kieft is appointed Director of New Amsterdam, by the Dutch West India Company.
  • The Netherlands colonizes Mauritius.
  • The Dutch settle in Ceylon.
  • The Finnish postal service, now called Suomen Posti, is founded.
  • New Haven, the first planned city in America, is founded.
  • Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and his sons capture the city of Kandahar, from the Safavids.
  • Shipwrecked English buccaneer Peter Wallace, called Ballis by the Spanish, settles near and perhaps gives his name to the Belize River, the first known European settlement in Belize.
  • The Peking Gazette makes an official switch in its production process of newspapers, from woodblock printing to movable type printing (private newspapers in Ming Dynasty China were first mentioned in 1582).

1639

January–June[]

  • January 14Connecticut's first constitution, the Fundamental Orders, is adopted.
  • January 19Hämeenlinna (Swedish: Tavastehus) was granted privileges after it separated from the Vanaja parish as its own city in Tavastia.[36]
  • c. January – The first printing press in British North America is started in Cambridge, Massachusetts, by Stephen Daye.
  • March 3 – The early settlement of Taunton, Massachusetts, is incorporated as a town.
  • March 13Harvard University is named for clergyman John Harvard.
  • April – Italian-born Cardinal Mazarin, apostolic nuncio to Paris and adviser to Cardinal Richelieu, is naturalized French by letters patent; in December, he leaves the service of Rome to enter that of King Louis XIII of France.[37]
  • April 14Battle of Chemnitz: Swedish forces under Johan Banér inflict a crushing defeat on the army of the Holy Roman Empire, prolonging the Thirty Years' War and allowing the Swedes to occupy Pirna and advance into Bohemia.
  • May – The first of the Bishops' Wars breaks out between Charles I of England and Scottish Covenanters. Charles arrives with his army at Berwick-upon-Tweed.
  • June – The first battle of the Bishops' Wars is fought by Earl Marischal and the Marquess of Montrose when they lead a Covenanter army of 9,000 men past Muchalls Castle over the Causey Mounth to fight at the Bridge of Dee in Scotland.[38]
  • June 18 – The Treaty of Berwick is signed between Charles I and the Scots.[39]

July–December[]

  • August 22 – The British East India Company buys a strip of land from King Peda Venkata Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire for the construction of Fort St. George, the first settlement of British India, so founding modern-day Chennai, capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu (celebrated as Madras Day).[40]
  • October 31 – Naval Battle of the Downs: A Republic of the United Provinces fleet decisively defeats a Spanish fleet in English waters.
  • December 4 – English astronomer Jeremiah Horrocks makes the first successful prediction and observation of a transit of Venus.

Date unknown[]

  • The Casiquiare canal, a river forming a natural channel between the Amazon River and Orinoco River basins, is first encountered by Europeans, an expedition led by Pedro Teixeira and Cristóbal Diatristán de Acuña.
  • French nobleman Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière obtains the seigneurial title to the island of Montreal in New France (modern-day Quebec) in the name of the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal to establish a Roman Catholic mission to evangelize indigenous peoples.
  • The House of Assembly of Barbados meets for the first time.
  • Russian Cossacks advance over the Urals to the Pacific, to Okhotsk.
  • Sakoku, the isolationist foreign policy of Japan, comes fully into effect.
    • Dejima, an island trading post off Nagasaki, becomes the only official port of trade allowed for Europeans, with the multi-national United East Indies Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) as the only European party officially allowed. Trading parties from China, India and other places are still officially allowed, though the VOC will become the usual broker for them.
    • Japanese wives and children of Dutch and British people from Hirado are sent to Batavia (Asian headquarters of the VOC, renamed Jakarta by the Japanese around three centuries later) on Dutch ships.[41]
  • The Treaty of Zuhab is signed between the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire and Safavid Persia, delineating the modern Turkey-Iran and Iraq-Iran border lines.

Births[]

1630

Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
Jan Vermeer van Utrecht
Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten
Charles II of England
Estephan El Douaihy
Olaus Rudbeck
  • January 3Herbert Westfaling, English politician (d. 1705)
  • January 5Manuel da Câmara III, Portuguese noble (d. 1673)
  • January 10Edward Blaker, English politician (d. 1678)
  • January 11
    • Charles Berkeley, 1st Earl of Falmouth, English noble, son of Charles Berkeley (d. 1665)
    • John Rogers, English-born President of Harvard (d. 1684)
  • January 13Ōta Suketsugu, Japanese daimyō (d. 1685)
  • January 16Guru Har Rai, Sikh guru (d. 1661)
  • January 18Andrew Balfour, Scottish doctor (d. 1694)
  • January 20Philip Florinus of Sulzbach, Austrian field marshal (d. 1703)
  • January 25Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1661–1678) (d. 1678)
  • January 27Job Adriaenszoon Berckheyde, Dutch painter (d. 1693)
  • February 8Pierre Daniel Huet, French churchman and scholar (d. 1721)
  • February 12Cornelis Bisschop, Dutch painter (d. 1674)
  • February 16Jan Vermeer van Utrecht, Dutch painter (d. 1696)
  • February 19Shivaji, Indian warrior king, founder of the Maratha Empire (d. 1680)
  • February 20 (bapt.)Josefa de Óbidos, Spanish artist (d. 1684)
  • March 23Ignace Cotolendi, French bishop (d. 1662)
  • March 24José Saenz d'Aguirre, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1699)
  • March 25Thierry Beschefer, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1711)
  • March 28Silvestro Valiero, Doge of Venice (d. 1700)
  • April 1Jacob Boreel, Dutch diplomat and politician (d. 1697)
  • April 7Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve, commander-in-chief of the Danish army (d. 1658)
  • April 16Lambert van Haven, Danish architect (d. 1695)
  • April 21Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten, Dutch painter (d. 1700)
  • April 28Charles Cotton, English poet and writer (d. 1687)
  • May 3
    • Thomas Rosewell, English minister (d. 1692)
    • Jacob von Sandrart, German engraver (d. 1708)
  • May 4Hendrik Schoock, Dutch painter (d. 1707)
  • May 6Johan Hadorph, Swedish director-general of the Central Board of National Antiquities (d. 1693)
  • May 12Jean-Baptiste de Santeul, French writer (d. 1697)
  • May 17John Howe, English Puritan theologian (d. 1705)
  • May 29 – King Charles II of England, Scotland, and Ireland (d. 1685)[42]
  • June 1Carlo Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1704)
  • June 4Jacques Rousseau, French painter (d. 1693)
  • June 7John Talbot of Lacock, English politician and general (d. 1714)
  • June 8Wolf Caspar von Klengel, German architect in Saxony (d. 1691)
  • June 10Willem van Bemmel, Dutch Golden Age painter (d. 1708)
  • June 24Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, English politician (d. 1691)
  • July 22Madame de Brinvilliers, French murderer (d. 1676)
  • August 1Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English statesman (d. 1673)
  • August 2Estephan El Douaihy, Lebanese Maronite Patriarch, historian (d. 1704)
  • August 20 or August 27Maria van Oosterwijck, Dutch Golden Age painter (d. 1693)
  • August 22Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges, French noble, soldier (d. 1702)
  • August 27Thomas Risley, English Presbyterian minister (d. 1716)
  • September 6Thomas Hele, English politician (d. 1665)
  • September 17Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma from 1646 until his death (d. 1694)
  • September 25Pierre Cally, French philosopher and theologian (d. 1709)
  • September 27Michael Willmann, German painter (d. 1706)
  • October 2Henry Caesar, English politician (d. 1668)
  • October 8Henry Bull, English politician (d. 1692)
  • October 10Thomas Lawson, British botanist (d. 1691)
  • October 14Sophia of Hanover, heir to the throne of Great Britain (d. 1714)
  • October 18Henry Powle, English politician (d. 1692)
  • OctoberJohn Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1694)
  • November 8Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey, English noble (d. 1701)
  • November 12Catherine Duchemin, French flower and fruit painter (d. 1698)
  • November 16Edvard Edvardsen, Norwegian historian and educator (d. 1695)
  • November 17Hachisuka Mitsutaka, Japanese daimyō who ruled the Tokushima Domain (d. 1666)
  • November 18Eleonora Gonzaga, Queen consort of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1686)
  • November 24Étienne Baluze, French scholar (d. 1718))[43]
  • November 27Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria, ruler of Further Austria including Tyrol (1662-1665) (d. 1665)
  • December 5Sophie Augusta of Holstein-Gottorp, Regent of Anhalt-Zerbst (d. 1680)
  • December 12Olaus Rudbeck, Swedish architect (d. 1702)
  • December 14Horatio Townshend, 1st Viscount Townshend, English viscount (d. 1687)
  • December 16Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort, British botanist (d. 1715)
  • December 28Ludolf Bakhuizen, Dutch painter (d. 1708)
  • Stefano Erardi, Maltese painter (d. 1716)[44]
  • John Leslie, 1st Duke of Rothes, Scottish noble (d. 1681)
  • Lucy Walter, Welsh mistress to King Charles II of England

1631

John Dryden
Christoffel Pierson
Johann Heinrich Roos
  • January 1 or 1632Katherine Philips, Anglo-Welsh poet (d. 1664)[45]
  • January 2Anthonie van Borssom, Dutch painter (d. 1677)
  • January 6Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton, Scottish peeress (d. 1716)
  • January 12Hasanuddin of Gowa, 16th Ruler of The Sultanate of Gowa (d. 1670)
  • January 23Vincent Houdry, French Jesuit preacher and writer on ascetics (d. 1729)
  • February 6Edward Abney, English politician (d. 1727)
  • February 10Louise of Anhalt-Dessau, Duchess suo jure of Oława and Wołów (1672–1680) (d. 1680)
  • February 22Peder Syv, Danish historian (d. 1702)
  • March 3Esaias Boursse, Dutch painter (d. 1672)
  • March 9Claude-François Ménestrier, French heraldist, Jesuit, courtier (d. 1705)
  • March 13Lodewijck Huygens, Dutch diplomat (d. 1699)
  • March 16René Le Bossu, French critic (d. 1680)
  • April 8Cornelis de Heem, Dutch painter (d. 1695)
  • April 15
    • Piero de Bonzi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1703)
    • Walter Vincent, English politician (d. 1680)
  • April 21Francesco Maidalchini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1700)
  • April 29Joseph Bridger, Colonial Governor of Virginia (d. 1686)
  • May 2John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl (d. 1703)
  • May 4William Brereton, 3rd Baron Brereton, English politician (d. 1680)
  • May 10Flavio Chigi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1693)
  • May 18Stanislaus Papczyński, Polish priest (d. 1701)
  • May 19Christoffel Pierson, Dutch painter (d. 1714)
  • May 28Louis André, French Jesuit priest, missionary and translator (d. 1715)
  • May 29Robert Paston, 1st Earl of Yarmouth, English politician, earl (d. 1683)
  • June 13Gilbert Hay, 11th Earl of Erroll, Scottish noble (d. 1674)
  • June 17Gauharara Begum, Mughal noblewoman (d. 1706)
  • June 22Francis Rombouts, Dutch Mayor of New York City (d. 1691)
  • June 25António das Chagas, Portuguese Franciscan friar and ascetical writer (d. 1682)
  • June 26Vincenzo Albrici, Italian composer (d. 1695)
  • July 4John Roettiers, English engraver (d. 1703)
  • July 15
    • Richard Cumberland, English philosopher (d. 1718)
    • Jens Juel, Danish diplomat (d. 1700)
  • August 5Adam Adamandy Kochański, Polish mathematician (d. 1700)
  • August 7Nicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of Thanet, England (d. 1679)
  • August 19
  • August 24Philip Henry, English minister (d. 1696)
  • August 29Henry Noris, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1704)
  • September 1Anne Crawford-Lindsay, Scottish noblewoman (d. 1689)
  • September 6Charles Porter, English-born judge (d. 1696)
  • September 29
    • Richard Edlin, English astrologer (d. 1677)
    • Johann Heinrich Roos, Dutch painter (d. 1685)
  • October 1
    • Toussaint de Forbin-Janson, French Catholic cardinal and Bishop of Beauvais (d. 1713)
    • Eugene Maximilian, Prince of Hornes (d. 1709)
  • October 3Sebastian Anton Scherer, German organist and composer (d. 1712)
  • October 6Emmanuel, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1670)
  • October 12George Saunderson, 5th Viscount Castleton, English Member of Parliament (d. 1714)
  • October 13Richard Hampden, English politician (d. 1695)
  • October 18
    • Heinrich Müller, German theologian and writer (d. 1675)
    • Michael Wigglesworth, American Puritan minister (d. 1705)
  • October 22Gilles Boileau, French translator (d. 1669)
  • October 26Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch, Hungarian Catholic cardinal (d. 1707)
  • October 30Pierre Beauchamp, French choreographer, dancer and composer (d. 1705)
  • November 4Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (d. 1660)
  • November 10Daniel Harvey, English merchant and politician (d. 1672)
  • November 17Marco d'Aviano, Italian Capuchin friar (d. 1699)
  • November 21Catharina Questiers, Dutch poet (d. 1669)
  • November 28Abraham Brueghel, Flemish Baroque painter (d. 1690)
  • December 14Anne Conway, English philosopher (d. 1679)
  • December 24
    • Bernhard Gustav of Baden-Durlach, Swedish general, Prince-Abbot of Fulda and Kempten, and cardinal (d. 1677)
    • Gabrielle Suchon, French Catholic moral philosopher, feminist (d. 1703)
  • William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (d. 1701)
  • Klara Izabella Pacowa, politically active Polish court official (d. 1685)

1632

Adam Frans van der Meulen
Christopher Wren
Erik Benzelius the Elder
Abbas II of Persia
Baruch Spinoza
  • January 1Claude de Choiseul-Francières, Marshal of France (d. 1711)
  • January 3Sir John Duke, 2nd Baronet, Member of Parliament of England (d. 1705)
  • January 8Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist (d. 1694)
  • January 11
    • Adam Frans van der Meulen, Flemish Baroque painter specialising in battle scenes (d. 1690)
    • John Platt, American settler (d. 1705)
  • January 14Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate, German noble (d. 1641)
  • January 26Marie Charlotte de la Trémoille, French noble (d. 1682)
  • January 29
    • Elsa Elisabeth Brahe, Swedish countess and duchess (d. 1689)
    • Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic (d. 1703)
  • February 11Francisco de Aguiar y Seijas, Spanish cleric and bishop (d. 1698)
  • February 12Charles Aubert de La Chesnaye, French businessman active in Canada (d. 1702)
  • February 18Giovanni Battista Vitali, Italian composer (d. 1692)
  • February 20Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, English statesman (d. 1712)
  • February 24Antoine Benoist, French painter (d. 1717)
  • February 29Juriaen van Streeck, Dutch painter (d. 1687)
  • March 8Davide Cocco Palmieri, Italian Catholic bishop (d. 1711)
  • March 13John Houblon, first Governor of the Bank of England (1694-1697) (d. 1712)
  • March 21Sir John Hotham, 2nd Baronet, Member of the House of Commons of England (d. 1689)
  • March 25John Temple, Irish politician (d. 1705)
  • March 27Gustav Adolph, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken and general sergeant of the Holy Roman Empire at the Rhine (d. 1677)
  • March 30John Proctor, Massachusetts farmer, tavern keeper (d. 1692)
  • April 2Georg Caspar Wecker, German composer (d. 1695)
  • April 6
    • Maria Leopoldine of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1649)
    • Simon Philip, Count of Lippe-Detmold (1636–1650) (d. 1650)
  • April 12Henry Chauncy, British antiquarian (d. 1719)
  • April 19Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Baron Cornwallis, Member of Parliament (d. 1673)
  • April 21Sir Hugh Smith, 1st Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1680)
  • May 1Friedrich Spanheim the Younger, Calvinist theologian (d. 1701)
  • May 3Catherine of St. Augustine, French nun, nurse of New France (d. 1668)
  • May 8Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming, German field marshal, Governor of Berlin (d. 1706)
  • May 13Nicolas Pitau, Flemish-born French engraver (d. 1671)
  • May 15Adolf William, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (d. 1668)
  • May 16Jeremias van Rensselaer, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1674)
  • May 17John Hall, English politician (d. 1711)
  • May 21Feodosia Morozova, Russian religious dissident martyr (d. 1675)
  • June 10Esprit Fléchier, French writer and Bishop of Nîmes (d. 1710)
  • June 14Jean Gallois, French scholar and abbé (d. 1707)
  • October 1George Durant, attorney in the Province of Carolina (d. 1692)
  • October 18Thomas Proby, English politician (d. 1689)
  • October 20
  • October 21William Hedges, first governor of the East India Company (d. 1701)
  • October 24Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch scientist (d. 1723)[49]
  • October 25
    • Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon, English noble (d. 1709)
    • Francis Mezger, Austrian Benedictine academic and writer (d. 1701)
  • October 28Antoine Massoulié, French Dominican theologian (d. 1706)
  • October 29Enno Louis, Prince of East Frisia, Frisian prince (d. 1660)
  • October 31 (bapt.)Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter (d. 1675)[50]
  • November 16Sir Anthony Cope, 4th Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1675)
  • November 23Jean Mabillon, French Benedictine monk and scholar of the Congregation of Saint Maur (d. 1707)
  • November 24Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (d. 1677)[51]
  • November 26Philipp Ludwig III, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (1638–1641) (d. 1641)
  • November 28Jean-Baptiste Lully, Italian-born French composer (d. 1687)[52]
  • December 9William Clayton, acting Governor of the Pennsylvania Colony (1684–1685) (d. 1689)
  • December 16Erik Benzelius the Elder, Swedish theologian (d. 1709)
  • December 17Anthony Wood, English antiquarian (d. 1695)
  • December 24
    • Matthias Petersen, sea captain and whaler from the North Frisian island of Föhr (d. 1706)
    • Ōkubo Tadatomo, Japanese daimyō (d. 1712)
  • December 31Abbas II of Persia, Shah of Iran (d. 1666)
  • Bárbara Coronel, Spanish actress (d. 1691)
  • Anne de La Grange-Trianon, French courtier (d. 1707)
  • Louise Boyer, French duchess and courtier (d. 1697)

1633

Alessandro Marchetti
Paolo Boccone
Gesina ter Borch
  • January 20Edmund Maine, English Member of Parliament (d. 1711)
  • January 31Nathaniel Crew, 3rd Baron Crew of England (d. 1721)
  • February 20Jan de Baen, Dutch portrait painter (d. 1702)
  • February 23
    • Charles Patin, French physician (d. 1693)
    • Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist (d. 1703)[53]
  • February 26Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and last Administrator of Ratzeburg (d. 1695)
  • March 1Yi Seo-woo, Korean scholar (d. 1709)
  • March 7Giovanni Battista Volpati, Italian painter (d. 1706)
  • March 12Sir John Evelyn, 1st Baronet, of Godstone, English noble (d. 1671)
  • March 17Alessandro Marchetti, Italian mathematician (d. 1714)
  • March 25Samuel Whiting, Jr., American clergyman (d. 1713)
  • March 26Mary Beale, British artist (d. 1699)
  • March 30
    • Miron Costin, Moldavian (Romanian) political figure and chronicler (d. 1691)
    • Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, German general, Landgraf of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1708)
  • April 16Salomon Jansz van den Tempel, Dutch shipbuilder (d. 1673)
  • April 19
    • Willem Drost, Dutch painter (d. 1659)
    • Abraham Hill, British merchant (d. 1721)
  • April 20Emperor Go-Kōmyō of Japan (d. 1654)
  • April 24
  • May 1
  • May 21Joseph Chabanceau de La Barre, French composer (d. 1678)
  • June 1Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (d. 1687)
  • June 16Jean de Thévenot, French traveler and scientist (d. 1667)
  • June 19Philipp van Limborch, Dutch Protestant theologian (d. 1712)
  • June 27Auguste of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, German noble (d. 1701)
  • July 1Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian (d. 1698)
  • July 6Sir Henry Yelverton, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1670)
  • July 25Joseph Williamson, English politician (d. 1701)
  • September 6Sebastian Knüpfer, German composer (d. 1676)
  • September 7Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg, Austrian writer and noble (d. 1695)
  • September 8Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans (d. 1654)
  • September 15William Croone, English physician and one of the original Fellows of the Royal Society (d. 1684)
  • October 4
  • October 14 – King James II of England (d. 1701)[54]
  • October 15Giordano Vitale, Italian mathematician (d. 1711)
  • October 19Benedetto Gennari II, Italian painter (d. 1715)
  • October 25Esaias Fleischer, Danish priest (d. 1697)
  • October 29Antonio Magliabechi, Italian librarian (d. 1714)
  • November 2George Gordon, 15th Earl of Sutherland, Scottish noble (d. 1703)
  • November 10Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn, Governor of Jersey (d. 1703)
  • November 11George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, English writer and statesman (d. 1695)
  • November 15Gesina ter Borch, Dutch Golden Age painter (d. 1690)
  • November 20Étienne de Carheil, French Jesuit priest, missionary to the Iroquois and Huron Indians (d. 1726)
  • November 26Johann Christoph Wagenseil, German Christian Hebraist (d. 1705)
  • December 18Willem van de Velde the Younger, Dutch painter (d. 1707)
  • December 27Jean de Lamberville, French missionary (d. 1714)
  • December 29
    • Jean Le Pelletier, French polygraph and alchemist (d. 1711)
    • Johannes Zollikofer, Swiss vicar (d. 1692)
  • Sir Edward Seymour, 4th Baronet, English politician (d. 1708)

1634

George Bull
Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau
Johannes Camphuys
Luca Giordano
  • January 1Fleetwood Sheppard, English poet (d. 1698)
  • January 7
    • Sophia Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgravine consort of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1663)
    • Adam Krieger, German composer (d. 1666)
    • Katarzyna Sobieska, Polish noble (d. 1694)
  • January 16Dorothe Engelbretsdotter, Norway's first professional female author (d. 1716)
  • January 25Gaspar Fagel, Dutch statesman (d. 1688)
  • January 30Johann Hugo von Orsbeck, Archbishop-Elector of Trier (d. 1711)
  • February 2Alfonso IV d'Este, Duke of Modena, Italian noble (d. 1662)
  • February 5Maria Antonia Scalera Stellini, Italian poet (d. 1704)
  • February 6George Christian, Prince of East Frisia, prince of Ostfriesland (d. 1665)
  • February 7Robert Robartes, Viscount Bodmin, English diplomat and politician (d. 1682)
  • February 8Teodósio, Prince of Brazil, Brazilian prince (d. 1653)
  • March 4Kazimierz Łyszczyński, Polish philosopher (d. 1689)
  • March 11Nicholas Gassaway, Colonel, Maryland Provincial Forces (d. 1691)
  • March 12Cornelis Kick, Dutch painter (d. 1681)
  • March 18Marie-Madeleine de La Fayette, French novelist (d. 1693)[55]
  • March 20Balthasar Bekker, Dutch minister and author of philosophical and theological works (d. 1698)
  • March 23Philip Smythe, 2nd Viscount Strangford, English Member of Parliament (d. 1708)
  • March 25George Bull, English theologian and Bishop of St David's (d. 1710)
  • March 26Domenico Freschi, Italian opera composer, Catholic priest (d. 1710)
  • March 28Sir Richard Temple, 3rd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1697)
  • April 3Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, Polish noble (d. 1702)
  • April 8
  • April 9Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau, Regent of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe (1664–1679) (d. 1696)
  • April 14Sir John Reresby, 2nd Baronet, 17th-century English politician and diarist (d. 1689)
  • April 25Robert Montagu, 3rd Earl of Manchester, English politician (d. 1683)
  • May 4Lady Katherine Ferrers, English aristocrat and heiress (d. 1660)
  • May 7Richard Legh, English politician (d. 1687)
  • May 8Alexander Stuart, 5th Earl of Moray, Scottish nobleman (d. 1701)
  • June 1Roeloff Swartwout, American city founder in New York (d. 1715)
  • June 6Maria Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp, Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1665)
  • June 14Nathaniel Bond, English politician (d. 1707)
  • June 20Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (d. 1675)
  • June 27Andreas Cleyer, German physician, pharmacist, botanist, and trader of the Dutch East India Company (d. 1698)
  • July 3Countess Palatine Dorothea Catherine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler, Countess of Nassau-Ottweiler (d. 1715)
  • July 8Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory (d. 1680)
  • July 12John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, German duke (d. 1686)
  • July 14Pasquier Quesnel, French Jansenist theologian (d. 1719)[56]
  • July 18Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1695)
  • July 23Sir John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1705)
  • August 12Adam Colonia, Dutch Golden Age painter (d. 1685)
  • August 16Johann Daniel Major, German professor of theoretical medicine (d. 1693)
  • August 24Mary Eastey, American witch (d. 1692)
  • August 31Paul Amman, German physician, botanist (d. 1691)
  • September 4Robert South, English churchman known for his combative preaching (d. 1716)
  • September 6Thomas Tryon, British hat maker (d. 1703)
  • September 7Sir Richard Bulkeley, 1st Baronet, Irish politician (d. 1685)
  • September 22Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, duchess consort of Saxe-Merseburg (1650–1691) (d. 1701)
  • October 10Jan van Neck, Dutch painter (d. 1714)
  • October 18Luca Giordano, Italian late Baroque painter and printmaker in etching (d. 1705)[57]
  • November 6Giuseppe Ghezzi, Italian painter (d. 1721)
  • November 7Francis Winnington, Solicitor-General for England and Wales (d. 1700)
  • November 23Paulet St John, 3rd Earl of Bolingbroke, English politician (d. 1711)
  • November 25Richard Slater, English politician (d. 1699)
  • November 27Roger Toothaker, victim of the Salem witch trials (d. 1692)
  • November 28Marie Luise von Degenfeld, morganatic second wife of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine of Germany (d. 1677)
  • December 15Thomas Kingo, Danish bishop (d. 1703)
  • December 22Mariana of Austria (d. 1696)
  • December 31Hotta Masatoshi, Japanese rōjū to Shōgun Tokugawa Ietsuna (d. 1684)

1635

Sulaiman Shikoh
Frans van Mieris the Elder
Francis Willughby
  • January 2Wilhelmus à Brakel, Dutch theologian (d. 1711)
  • January 6Charles Fane, 3rd Earl of Westmorland, Member of Parliament and House of Lords (d. 1691)
  • January 8Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, Spanish Archbishop of Toledo (d. 1709)
  • January 10Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma, Italian military leader (d. 1689)
  • January 13Philipp Spener, German Christian theologian known as the Father of Pietism (d. 1705)
  • January 25Daniel Casper von Lohenstein, German writer, diplomat and lawyer (d. 1683)
  • February 1Marquard Gude, German archaeologist and classical scholar (d. 1689)
  • February 2William Godolphin, English politician (d. 1696)
  • February 18Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna, Swedish statesman (d. 1680)
  • February 21Thomas Flatman, British artist (d. 1688)
  • February 25Walrad, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, German prince and founder of the line of Nassau-Usingen (d. 1702)
  • March 2Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons, Italian noble (d. 1673)
  • March 4Emilia Butler, Countess of Ossory, English countess (d. 1688)
  • March 10Jan van Buken, Flemish painter (d. 1690)
  • March 15Sulaiman Shikoh, Mughal Empire emperor (d. 1662)
  • March 31Patrick Gordon, Scottish-born Russian general, rear admiral (d. 1699)
  • April 16Frans van Mieris the Elder, Dutch Golden Age genre and portrait painter (d. 1681)
  • April 17Edward Stillingfleet, British theologian and scholar (d. 1699)
  • April 25William Harbord, British politician (d. 1692)
  • May 4Willem van Outhoorn, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1720)
  • May 6Johann Joachim Becher, German chemist (d. 1682)
  • May 9Augustus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön-Norburg (d. 1699)
  • May 26Sir Thomas Lee, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1691)
  • June 3Philippe Quinault, French writer (d. 1688)
  • June 10Federico Caccia, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (d. 1699)
  • June 15Theodor Undereyk, German theologian (d. 1693)
  • June 20Patrick Chaworth, 3rd Viscount Chaworth, Irish politician (d. 1693)
  • June 21Laurent d'Arvieux, French traveler (d. 1702)
  • July 11Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer, German jurist (d. 1699)
  • July 13Jacques Bruyas, French missionary (d. 1712)
  • July 19Francine Descartes, daughter of French philosopher Rene Descartes (d. 1640)
  • July 23Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, iconic figure in the history of New France (d. 1660)
  • July 28Robert Hooke, English scientist (d. 1703)[58]
  • July 29Christian Louis, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1645–1692) and Count of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1692–1706) (d. 1706)
  • August 9Philip Traherne, British book collector (d. 1686)
  • August 24Peder Griffenfeld, Danish statesman and royal favourite (d. 1699)
  • August 30Pieter Spierinckx, Flemish painter (d. 1711)
  • September 1Armand de Camboust, duc de Coislin, French lieutenant général (d. 1702)
  • September 5Joseph Mezger, Austrian Benedictine (d. 1683)
  • September 7Paul I, Prince Esterházy, Hungarian prince (d. 1713)
  • September 9Andrzej Stech, Polish painter (d. 1697)
  • September 17Peter Colleton, English politician (d. 1694)
  • September 18Joana, Princess of Beira, Portuguese infanta (princess) (d. 1653)
  • October 7
    • Christopher Comstock, American settler (d. 1702)
    • Roger de Piles, French painter (d. 1709)
  • October 28Constantin Ranst de Jonge, son of Hieronimus Rans(t) (1607–1660) (d. 1714)
  • November 1Johann Michael Vansleb, German theologian (d. 1679)
  • November 3Johann Sturm, German philosopher (d. 1703)
  • November 6Sir John Carew, 3rd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1692)
  • November 11Justus Danckerts, Dutch artist (d. 1701)
  • November 15Princess Margaret Yolande of Savoy, duchess consort of Parma (d. 1663)
  • November 19Mingju, Qing Dynasty statesman (d. 1708)
  • November 22Francis Willughby, English biologist (d. 1672)
  • November 27Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, second wife of Louis XIV of France (d. 1719)[59]
  • December 11Sir William Twysden, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1697)
  • December 15Valentin Alberti, Silesian philosopher, theologian (d. 1697)
  • December 23Ottaviano Jannella, Italian sculptor (d. 1661)
  • December 28Elizabeth Stuart, second daughter of King Charles I of England (d. 1650)
  • December 31Sir Robert Southwell, English diplomat (d. 1702)

Date unknown

  • Thomas Betterton, English actor (d. 1710)

1636

Laura Mancini
Justine Siegemund
  • January 1Jacques Cassagne, French clergyman (d. 1679)
  • January 8Fernando de Valenzuela, 1st Marquis of Villasierra, Spanish noble (d. 1692)
  • January 12Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer, French painter (d. 1699)
  • January 20 – Count Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (d. 1689)
  • February 6Heiman Dullaart, Dutch painter (d. 1684)
  • February 12Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (d. 1708)
  • February 16Shubael Dummer, American Congregational church minister (d. 1692)
  • March 1Giacinto Camillo Maradei, Italian Catholic prelate, Bishop of Policastro (d. 1705)
  • March 8Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian (d. 1703)
  • March 13Ulrik Huber, Dutch philosopher (d. 1694)
  • March 25Henric Piccardt, Dutch lawyer (d. 1712)
  • July 2Daniel Speer, German Baroque composer and writer (d. 1709)
  • July 12Count Ferdinand Edzard of East Frisia, German nobleman (d. 1668)
  • July 31Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen, major general in Brunswick and co-ruler of Waldeck-Wildungen (d. 1669)
  • August 25Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French military man, brother of Madame de Montespan (d. 1688)
  • September 5Ignace-Gaston Pardies, French physicist (d. 1673)
  • September 24Francesco Vaccaro, Italian painter (d. 1675)
  • September 25Ferdinand Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein, German prince (d. 1698)
  • September 28Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Prussian royal consort (d. 1689)
  • September 29Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1715)
  • October 6George Frederick, Count of Erbach-Breuberg, Count of Erbach and Breuberg (1653) (d. 1653)
  • October 15John Strangways, English politician (d. 1676)
  • October 23Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, queen consort of King Charles X of Sweden (d. 1715)
  • October 31Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria, Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1679)
  • November 1Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (d. 1711)[60]
  • November 2Edward Colston, Bristol-born English slave trader (d. 1721)
  • November 6
    • Princess Catherine Beatrice of Savoy, daughter of the Duke of Savoy (d. 1637)
    • Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, wife of Ferdinand Maria (d. 1676)
  • November 11Yan Ruoqu, Chinese scholar (d. 1704)
  • November 14Pierre du Cambout de Coislin, French prelate (d. 1706)
  • November 30
    • Johannes Fabritius, Dutch painter (d. 1693)
    • Adriaen van de Velde, Dutch painter (d. 1672)[61]
  • December 1Elizabeth Capell, Countess of Essex, British countess (d. 1718)
  • December 23Gregório de Matos, Brazilian poet and lawyer (d. 1696)
  • December 26Justine Siegemund, German writer (d. 1705)
  • December 27William Whitelock, English gentleman, Member of Parliament (d. 1717)
  • Mary Rowlandson, American author and captive during King Philip's War (d. 1711)
  • George Etherege, English playwright (d. 1692)

1637

Jan Swammerdam
Johan Vibe
Jacques Marquette
Francis Turner
  • January 14Mattia de Rossi, Italian painter (d. 1695)
  • January 18Manuel Fernández de Santa Cruz, Spanish religious writer, Catholic prelate and bishop (d. 1699)
  • February 10
    • Countess Henriette Catherine of Nassau, daughter of Frederick Henry (d. 1708)
    • William Paget, 6th Baron Paget, English peer and ambassador (d. 1713)
  • February 11Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns, German organist and composer (d. 1718)
  • February 12Jan Swammerdam, Dutch biologist and microscopist (d. 1680)
  • February 13Denis Granville, English priest (d. 1703)
  • February 21William Beveridge, English Bishop of St. Asaph (d. 1708)
  • March 1Thomas Watson, Bishop of St. David's (d. 1717)
  • March 2Sir Stephen Lennard, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1709)
  • March 5Jan van der Heyden, Dutch Baroque-era painter (d. 1712)
  • March 14Fitz-John Winthrop, Governor of the Connecticut Colony (d. 1707)
  • March 17Anne of England, daughter of King Charles I (d. 1640)
  • March 30Samuel Pitiscus, Dutch classical scholar (d. 1727)
  • April 6Sir William Whitmore, 2nd Baronet, English politician and baronet (d. 1699)
  • April 16
  • April 19Mateo Cerezo, Spanish artist (d. 1666)
  • May 13Giacinto Cestoni, Italian naturalist (d. 1718)[62]
  • May 22John Kyrle, British philanthropist (d. 1724)
  • May 31Louis Laneau, French bishop active in the kingdom of Siam (d. 1696)
  • June 1Jacques Marquette, French Jesuit missionary and explorer (d. 1675)
  • June 11Tamura Muneyoshi, Japanese daimyō of the Iwanuma Domain (d. 1678)
  • June 21Asano Tsunaakira, Lord of Hiroshima Domain (d. 1673)
  • June 22
  • June 25Christophe Veyrier, French sculptor (d. 1689)
  • July 24Nathaniel Fairfax, English divine and physician (d. 1690)
  • August 16Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen, German noblewoman and hymn author (d. 1706)
  • August 19Roemer Vlacq, Dutch naval commander (d. 1703)
  • August 20Cornelis van Aerssen van Sommelsdijck, first Dutch governor of Suriname (d. 1688)
  • August 23Francis Turner, British bishop (d. 1700)
  • August 27Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, Colonial governor of Maryland (d. 1715)
  • September 1Nicolas Catinat, French military commander and Marshal of France under Louis XIV (d. 1712)
  • September 15James Brodie, Scottish politician (d. 1708)
  • September 16Elisha Cooke, Sr., Massachusetts colonial politician and judge (d. 1715)
  • September 26Sébastien Leclerc, French painter (d. 1714)
  • October 3George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Chancellor of Scotland (d. 1720)[63]
  • October 13Paul Fugger von Kirchberg und Weißenhorn, German politician (d. 1701)
  • October 22Francis North, 1st Baron Guilford (d. 1685)
  • October 24Lorenzo Magalotti, Italian philosopher (d. 1712)
  • October 27Al-Mahdi Muhammad, Yemeni imam (d. 1718)
  • November 4Juan Francisco de la Cerda, 8th Duke of Medinaceli, Spanish politician (d. 1691)
  • November 23Paul Mezger, Austrian Benedictine theologian and academic (d. 1702)
  • November 25Armand de Gramont, Comte de Guiche, French nobleman (d. 1673)
  • November 30Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, French ecclesiastical historian (d. 1698)
  • December 6Edmund Andros, English colonial administrator in North America (d. 1714)
  • December 7
    • William Neile, English mathematician and founder member of the Royal Society (d. 1670)
    • Bernardo Pasquini, Italian composer of operas (d. 1710)[64]
  • December 10Jacques-René de Brisay de Denonville, Marquis de Denonville (d. 1710)
  • December 19Sir William Leman, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1701)
  • December 24Pierre Jurieu, French Protestant leader (d. 1713)
  • December 27Petar Kanavelić, Venetian writer (d. 1719)
  • December 30William Cave, English divine (d. 1713)

1638

Elisabetta Sirani
Shunzhi Emperor
Frederik Ruysch
Louis XIV of France
  • January 1
  • January 7
  • January 8Elisabetta Sirani, Italian painter (d. 1665)
  • January 12Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, Austrian field marshal (d. 1701)
  • January 20Sir William Glynne, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1690)
  • January 21
    • David Elias Heidenreich, German poet, dramatist, librettist and translator (d. 1688)
    • Beata Rosenhane, Swedish writer (d. 1674)
  • February 13Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow, German nobleman, titular Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1688)
  • February 18Ikeda Tsunamasa, Japanese daimyō, ruler of the Okayama Domain (d. 1714)
  • February 25Jørgen Iversen Dyppel, Governor of the Danish West Indies (d. 1683)
  • February 28John Carmichael, 1st Earl of Hyndford, Scottish nobleman (d. 1710)
  • March 6
    • Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Tewkesbury, First Lord of the British Admiralty (d. 1696)
    • Statz Friedrich von Fullen, German-born nobleman, Geheimrat of war for Poland (d. 1703)
  • March 10John Vesey, Irish archbishop (d. 1716)
  • March 14Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic and religious leader, critic of Lutheranism (d. 1710)
  • March 15Shunzhi Emperor of China (d. 1661)
  • March 16François Crépieul, Jesuit missionary in Canada (d. 1702)
  • March 28Frederik Ruysch, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1731)
  • April 2
    • Sir Henry Beaumont, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1689)
    • John Covel, English clergyman and scientist, Master of Christ's College (d. 1722)
  • May 9Gregorio Vasquez de Arce y Ceballos, Colombian painter (d. 1711)
  • May 11Guy-Crescent Fagon, French physician and botanist (d. 1718)
  • May 12Pedro Atanasio Bocanegra, Spanish artist (d. 1688)
  • May 13Richard Simon, French Biblical critic (d. 1712)
  • May 29John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland, English nobleman and politician (d. 1711)
  • June 2Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, English nobleman (d. 1709)
  • June 3Thomas Smith, English scholar (d. 1710)
  • June 8Pierre Magnol, French botanist (d. 1715)
  • June 21Sir William Roberts, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1688)
  • June 23Princess Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, German noblewoman (d. 1679)
  • June 27Samuel Frisching, Bernese soldier and politician (d. 1721)
  • June 28Louise Marie de La Grange d'Arquien, French noblewoman (d. 1728)
  • June 29Heinrich Meibom, German physicist and scholar (d. 1700)
  • July 10David Teniers III, Flemish painter (d. 1685)
  • July 11Olympia Mancini, French courtier (d. 1708)
  • July 15Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani, Italian composer (d. 1693)
  • July 20Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, leading Norwegian general during the Scanian War (d. 1704)
  • July 25Cristobal of Saint Catherine, Spanish Catholic priest (d. 1690)
  • August 3William Louis, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (1650–1665) (d. 1665)
  • August 6Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (d. 1715)[65]
  • August 7John Tufton, 4th Earl of Thanet, English politician (d. 1680)
  • August 13Durgadas Rathore, Indian ruler (d. 1718)
  • August 15Pieter de Graeff, Dutch politician and noble (d. 1707)
  • August 22Georg Christoph Eimmart, German engraver (d. 1705)
  • September 5 – King Louis XIV of France, King of France from 1643 until his death (d. 1715)
  • September 10Maria Theresa of Spain, French queen, married to Louis XIV of France (d. 1683)
  • September 19Isaac Milles, English minister (d. 1720)
  • September 20Antonio Gherardi, Italian painter (d. 1702)
  • September 21Philippe de Courcillon, French officer and author (d. 1720)
  • September 30Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus, Duke of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg, German nobleman (d. 1705)
  • Hannah Allen, British writer (d. 1668)

1639

Martin Lister
Giovanni Battista Gaulli
Increase Mather
  • January 1
    • Jacob Knijff, Dutch painter (d. 1681)
    • Sir Thomas Spencer, 3rd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1685)
  • January 3Éléonore Desmier d'Olbreuse, French Huguenot noblewoman, grandmother of George II of Great Britain, great-grandmother of Frederick the Great (d. 1722)
  • January 5Otto Wilhelm Königsmarck, Swedish military officer (d. 1688)
  • January 16John Proby, English politician (d. 1710)
  • January 17Sir Francis Lee, 4th Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1667)
  • January 19Noël Alexandre, French theologian and ecclesiastical historian (d. 1724)
  • January 20Hungerford Dunch, English politician (d. 1680)
  • January 29Gover Le Buen, Dutch revolutionary fighter (d. 1712)
  • January 31Duke Bernhard of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön, German-Danish general (d. 1676)
  • February 4Alessandro Melani, Italian composer (d. 1703)
  • February 6Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (d. 1691)
  • February 12Juan García de Salazar, Spanish Baroque composer (d. 1710)
  • February 17Claude Estiennot de la Serre, French historian (d. 1699)
  • February 27Adriaen van Bloemen, Flemish painter, printmaker, draughtsman and engraver (d. 1697)
  • March 7Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, English nobleman (d. 1672)
  • March 20Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine (d. 1709)
  • March 30Elanor Allerton, English-born American colonist (d. 1674)
  • April 3Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (k. 1682)
  • April 12Martin Lister, English naturalist and physician (d. 1712)
  • April 13Joan Leonardsz Blasius, Dutch writer (d. 1672)
  • April 16Alessandro Baratta, Italian painter, engraver (d. 1714)
  • April 24Johann Benedict Carpzov II, German theologian (d. 1699)
  • April 29François Nepveu, French Jesuit writer on ascetical subjects (d. 1708)
  • May 8Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Italian artist working in the High Baroque and early Rococo periods (d. 1709)
  • May 10Peleg Sanford, Rhode Island colonial governor (d. 1701)
  • May 19Charles Weston, 3rd Earl of Portland, English nobleman (d. 1665)
  • May 27Laura Martinozzi, Duchess consort of Modena (d. 1687)
  • June 21Increase Mather, American minister (d. 1723)
  • July 8John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery, English politician and Irish nobleman (d. 1713)
  • July 15Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Arran, Irish soldier (d. 1686)
  • August 18William Lowther, English landowner and politician (d. 1705)
  • August 28Marie Mancini, Italian courtier, third of the five Mancini sisters (d. 1715)
  • August 30Cornelia van der Veer, Dutch poet (d. 1704)
  • September 7David Martin, French theologian (d. 1721)
  • September 8William Trumbull, English diplomat and politician (d. 1716)
  • September 17Hans Herr, Swiss-born Mennonite bishop (d. 1725)
  • September 21Robbert Duval, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1732)
  • September 29
    • William Russell, Lord Russell, English politician (d. 1683)
    • Sir John Seton, 1st Baronet of Nova Scotia (d. 1686)
  • October 14Simon van der Stel, last Commander and first Governor of the Cape Colony (d. 1712)
  • October 17Charles-Claude Genest, French dramatist and playwright (d. 1719)
  • November 17Eleazer Kimberly, Secretary of the State of Connecticut (d. 1709)
  • November 21Fortunatus Hueber, German Franciscan historian and theologian (d. 1706)
  • December 3Isidoro de Atondo y Antillon, Spanish admiral (d. 1689)
  • December 18Gottfried Kirch, German astronomer, first 'Astronomer Royal' in Berlin (d. 1710)
  • December 22Jean Racine, French dramatist (d. 1699)[67]
  • December 28Dirk van Bleiswijk, Dutch politician, writer (d. 1681)
  • December 29Muhammad Sultan, Mughal Empire emperor (d. 1676)
  • Yair Bacharach, German rabbi (d. 1702)
  • Consort Donggo, concubine of the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (d. 1660)
  • Dirck Ferreris, Dutch painter (d. 1693)
  • Caspar Netscher, Dutch painter (d. 1684)
  • Samuel Peterson, early Swedish settler of New Sweden, founder of modern-day Wilmington (d. 1689)

Deaths[]

1630

Ambrogio Spinola
Johannes Kepler
  • January 26Henry Briggs, English mathematician (b. 1556)
  • February 12Fynes Moryson, English traveler and writer (b. 1566)
  • February 26William Brade, English composer (b. 1560)
  • April 2George Talbot, 9th Earl of Shrewsbury, English earl (b. 1566)
  • April 10William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, English noble, courtier and patron of the arts (b. 1580)
  • April 17Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (b. 1568)
  • April 19Anne Howard, Countess of Arundel, English countess and poet (b. 1557)
  • April 22Agostino Ciampelli, Italian painter (b. 1565)
  • April 29Agrippa d'Aubigné, French poet and soldier (b. 1552)[68]
  • May 17Dorothea Flock, German alleged witch (b. 1608)
  • May 30Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland, English noble (b. 1584)
  • June 25Jacob Ulfeldt, Danish politician (b. 1567)
  • July 26Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (b. 1562)
  • August 11Thomas Walsingham, English spymaster (b. 1561)
  • August 22Giulio Mancini, Italian papal physician (b. 1559)
  • September 5Nicolaus Mulerius, Dutch astronomer and medical academic (b. 1564)
  • September 17Thomas Lake, English statesman (b. 1567)
  • September 18Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal and statesman (b. 1552)
  • September 20Claudio Saracini, Italian composer (b. 1586)
  • September 22Yuan Chonghuan, Chinese politician, military general and writer (b. 1584)
  • September 24Charles Günther, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (b. 1576)
  • September 25Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases, Italian general (b. 1569)
  • October 10John Heminges, English actor (b. 1566)
  • October 22Jerónima de la Asunción, Spanish founder of the Monastery of Santa Clara (b. 1555)
  • November 15Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (b. 1571)[69]
  • November 9Tōdō Takatora, Japanese daimyo (b. 1556)
  • November 18Esaias van de Velde, Dutch painter (b. 1587)
  • November 19
    • Antonio Brunelli, Italian composer and theorist (b. 1577)
    • Johann Hermann Schein, German composer (b. 1586)
  • November 29Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza (b. 1568)
  • December 11Franciscus Dousa, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1577)
  • December 19Orazio Riminaldi, Italian painter (b. 1593)
  • approx. date
    • Adam Haslmayr, Austrian commentator on the Rosicrucian Manifestos (b. c. 1560)
    • Fede Galizia, Italian painter (b. c. 1578)
  • unknown dateMariangiola Criscuolo, Italian painter (b. c. 1548)

1631

Jacob Matham
John Smith
  • January 1Thomas Hobson, English carrier and origin of the phrase "Hobson's choice" (b. 1544)
  • January 3Michelagnolo Galilei, Italian composer and lutenist, younger brother of Galileo Galilei (b. 1575)
  • January 14Charlotte of the Palatinate, German noble (b. 1628)
  • January 20Jacob Matham, Dutch artist (b. 1571)
  • January 26Louis Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard (1617–1631) (b. 1586)
  • January 30Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, duchess consort of Pomerania-Wolgast (1577-1592) (b. 1561)
  • February 7Gabriel Harvey, English writer (b. c. 1552/3)
  • February 14Tsugaru Nobuhira, Japanese daimyō (b. 1586)
  • March 24Philipp Dulichius, German composer (b. 1562)
  • March 31John Donne, English writer and prelate (b. 1572)[70]
  • March 28Juan van der Hamen, Spanish artist (b. 1596)
  • April 2Nicolò Contarini, Doge of Venice (b. 1553)
  • April 5Sinibaldo Scorza, Italian painter (b. 1589)
  • April 23Francesco Maria II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, last Duke of Urbino (b. 1549)
  • May 6Sir Robert Cotton, 1st Baronet, of Connington, English politician (b. 1570)
  • May 26Enrico Caterino Davila, Italian historian and diplomat (b. 1576)
  • June 17Mumtaz Mahal, favorite wife of Shah Jahan (b. 1593)
  • June 18Robert Payne, English politician (b. 1573)
  • June 21John Smith of Jamestown, English soldier and colonist (b. 1580)
  • July 16Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll, Scottish noble (b. 1564)
  • July 19Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)
  • July 28Guillén de Castro y Bellvis, Spanish dramatist (b. 1569)
  • August 3Kim Jang-saeng, Korean scholar and writer (b. 1548)
  • August 8Konstantinas Sirvydas, Lithuanian religious leader (b. 1579)
  • September 6Honda Tadamasa, Japanese daimyō (b. 1575)
  • September 18Countess Palatine Dorothea of Simmern (b. 1581)
  • September 21Federico Borromeo, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (b. 1564)
  • October 14Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, queen and regent of Denmark (b. 1557)
  • October 20Michael Maestlin, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1550)
  • October 26Catherine de Parthenay, French noblewoman and mathematician (b. 1554)
  • October 28Sir Richard Beaumont, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1574)
  • November 1Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria (b. 1589)
  • November 7Patrick Fleming, Irish Franciscan friar and scholar (murdered) (b. 1599)
  • November 29Edmond Richer, French theologian (b. 1559)
  • December 5Tommaso Caracciolo, Field Marshal of Spanish forces in the Thirty Years' War (b. 1572)
  • December 7Johannes Hartmann, German chemist (b. 1568)
  • December 9Liborius Wagner, German Roman Catholic priest (b. 1593)
  • December 10Hugh Myddelton, Welsh businessman (b. 1560)[71]
  • December 23Michael Drayton, English poet (b. 1563)
  • December 30Frederick Achilles, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt (b. 1591)

1632

Tokugawa Hidetada
King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
  • January 1Giovanni Battista Agucchi, Italian churchman, papal diplomat and writer on art theory (b. 1570)
  • January 31Joost Bürgi, Swiss clockmaker and mathematician (b. 1552)
  • February 7Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Lorraine (b. 1591)
  • February 10Simon Steward, English politician (b. 1575)
  • March – Gazi Hüsrev Pasha, Ottoman grand vizier
  • March 14Tokugawa Hidetada, Japanese shōgun (b. 1579)
  • March 15Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, German musician (b. 1572)
  • April 19Sigismund III Vasa, King of Sweden (1592–1599) and Poland (1587–1632) (b. 1566)[72]
  • April 23Sir Drue Drury, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1588)
  • April 30Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly, Bavarian general (b. 1559)
  • May 24Robert Hues, English mathematician and geographer (b. 1553)
  • May 25Adam Tanner, Austrian mathematician and philosopher (b. 1572)
  • June 2Ernest Casimir I, Count of Nassau-Dietz (1606–1632) and Stadtholder of Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe (1625–1632) (b. 1573)
  • June 20Miles Hobart, English politician (b. 1595)
  • June 22James Whitelocke, English judge (b. 1570)
  • July 22Juan Niño de Tabora, Spanish general and governor of the Philippines (date of birth unknown)
  • July 29Samuel Ampzing, Dutch linguist and historian (b. 1590)
  • July 30Archduke Charles of Austria (b. 1607)
  • August 13Queen Inmok, Korean royal consort (b. 1584)
  • August 14Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (b. 1582)
  • August 19Valentin de Boulogne, French painter (b. 1591)
  • August 23Frances Carr, Countess of Somerset (b. 1590)
  • August 25Thomas Dekker, English dramatist (b. c.1572)[73]
  • September 13Leopold V, Archduke of Austria, regent of Tyrol (b. 1586)[74]
  • September 17 – Emperor Susenyos of Ethiopia (b. 1607)
  • September 30Thomas Allen, English mathematician and astrologer (b. 1542)
  • October 6Anna of Cleves, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg and Countess Palatine of Neuburg (b. 1552)
  • October 12Kutsuki Mototsuna, Japanese samurai commander (b. 1549)
  • October 14Francis II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1572)
  • October 16George More, English politician (b. 1553)
  • October 23Giovanni Battista Crespi, Italian painter (b. 1573)
  • October 30Henri II de Montmorency, French naval officer and Governor of Languedoc (b. 1595)
  • November 5Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (b. 1564)
  • November 6 – King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (in battle) (b. 1594)[75]
  • November 9Miyake Yasunobu, Japanese daimyō (b. 1563)
  • November 17Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim, Bavarian field marshal (b. 1594)
  • November 21Nils Brahe, Swedish soldier and younger brother of Per Brahe (b. 1604)
  • November 27John Eliot, English statesman (b. 1592)
  • November 29Frederick V, Elector Palatine (b. 1596)
  • December 2Duke Johann Wilhelm of Saxe-Altenburg, colonel in the Saxon Army (b. 1600)
  • December 8Philippe van Lansberge, Flemish astronomer (b. 1561)
  • date unknown

1633

George Herbert
Cornelis Drebbel
Xu Guangqi
  • January 15Polykarp Leyser II, German theologian (b. 1586)
  • January 20Elizabeth Stanley, Countess of Huntingdon, English noblewoman and writer (b. 1588)
  • March 1George Herbert, English poet and orator (b. 1593)[76]
  • March 3Magnus Brahe, Swedish noble (b. 1564)
  • April 21Scipione Dentice, Neapolitan keyboard composer (b. 1560)
  • May 5Thomas Freke, English politician (b. 1563)
  • May 16Magdalena of Nassau-Dillenburg, German noblewoman (b. 1547)
  • May 21Wolfgang Ernst I of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein, German count (b. 1560)
  • June – Étienne Brûlé, French explorer (b. c. 1592)
  • June 11Johannes Crellius, Polish–German theologian (b. 1590)
  • June 14Christian, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Ærø (1622–1633) (b. 1570)
  • July 5Archduchess Margaret of Austria (b. 1567)
  • July 7Lew Sapieha, Polish-Lithuanian noble (b. 1557)
  • July 16John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (b. 1564)
  • July 22Trijntje Keever, Dutchwoman, presumed to have been the tallest woman ever (b. 1616)
  • August 5George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1562)
  • August 10Anthony Munday, English writer (b. 1553)
  • August 12
    • Jacopo Peri, Italian composer (b. 1561)
    • Ulrik of Denmark, Danish prince-bishop (b. 1611)
  • August 17Gertrude More, English nun (b. 1606)
  • August 30Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Countess Palatine of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (b. 1553)
  • September – Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland (b. c. 1575)
  • September 4Richard Cecil, English politician (b. 1570)
  • September 22Joam Mattheus Adami, Italian Jesuit missionary (b. 1576)
  • September 26Bernardino de Almansa Carrión, Spanish Catholic prelate and Archbishop (b. 1579)
  • October 2Scipione Borghese, Italian Catholic cardinal and art collector (b. 1577)
  • October 24Jean Titelouze, French organist (b. c.1562)
  • October 26Horio Tadaharu, Japanese warlord (b. 1596)
  • November 3Lucio Massari, Italian painter (b. 1569)
  • November 7Cornelis Drebbel, Dutch inventor (b. 1572)
  • November 8
  • November 14William Ames, English philosopher (b. 1576)
  • December 1 – Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (b. 1566)
  • December 8Theodoor Galle, Flemish engraver (b. 1571)
  • December 12Hortensio Félix Paravicino, Spanish preacher and poet from the noble house of Pallavicini (b. 1580)
  • December 17 or December 27Meletius Smotrytsky, Ruthenian religious activist and author (b. 1577)
  • December 28Maria Maddalena de' Medici, Italian princess (b. 1600)

1634

Albrecht von Wallenstein
Hendrick Avercamp
  • January 17Albert Szenczi Molnár, Hungarian translator (b. 1574)
  • February 15Anna Maria of Ostfriesland, German noblewoman (b. 1601)
  • February 25Albrecht von Wallenstein, Bohemian general (assassinated) (b. 1583)
  • March 23Elizabeth Finch, 1st Countess of Winchilsea, English countess (b. 1556)
  • April 2Maria Celeste, Italian nun, daughter of Galileo Galilei (b. 1600)
  • April 8Giovanni Srofenaur, Italian musician (b. 1580)
  • May 12George Chapman, English author (b. c.1559)[77]
  • May 15 (bur.)Hendrick Avercamp, Dutch painter (b. 1585)[78]
  • June 22Johann von Aldringen, Austrian field marshal (b. 1588)
  • June 25John Marston, English dramatist (b. 1576)
  • July 25Francesco de' Medici, Tuscan prince (b. 1614)
  • August 9William Noy, English jurist (b. 1577)
  • August 11Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1591)
  • August 18Urbain Grandier, French priest (b. 1590)
  • September 3Edward Coke, English colonial entrepreneur and jurist (b. 1552)[79]
  • September 6Frederick III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b. 1616)
  • September 26Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1607)
  • October 6Otto Louis of Salm-Kyrburg-Mörchingen, Swedish general in the Thirty Years' War (b. 1597)
  • October 8Francis Julius of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince (b. 1584)
  • October 19Agnes of Jesus, French Catholic nun (b. 1602)
  • November 14Sophia of Holstein-Gottorp, Regent of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1603–1608) (b. 1569)
  • November 19Alexander Charles Vasa, 5th son of King Sigismund III Vasa (b. 1614)
  • November 20Anna Maria of Solms-Sonnewalde, Countess consort of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (b. 1585)
  • December 11Fadrique de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Villanueva de Valdueza, Spanish noble and admiral (b. 1580)
  • December 25Lettice Knollys, English noblewoman (b. 1543)
  • December 29John Albert Vasa, Polish bishop (b. 1612)
  • date unknown
    • Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (b. 1568)
    • Johan Bara, Dutch painter, engraver (b. c. 1581)

1635

Lope de Vega
Samuel de Champlain
  • February 19Franco Burgersdijk, Dutch logician (b. 1590)
  • MarchThomas Randolph, English poet
  • March 27Robert Naunton, English politician (b. 1563)
  • March 28Patrick Forbes, bishop in the Church of Scotland (b. 1564)
  • April 13Fakhr-al-Din II, Ottoman Emir of Chouf (b. 1572)
  • April 21Maria Musch, Dutch shipowner
  • April 23Elizabeth Carey, Lady Berkeley, English courtier (b. 1576)
  • April 25
  • April 27
    • Antonio Zapata y Cisneros, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1550)
    • Wolfgang Ratke, German educational reformer (b. 1571)
  • July 10Alonso Jerónimo de Salas Barbadillo, Spanish novelist and dramatist (b. c. 1580)
  • August (bur.)Richard Whitbourne, English colonist of Newfoundland (b. 1561)
  • August 7Friedrich von Spee, German writer (b. 1591)
  • August 9John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (b. 1584)
  • August 27Lope de Vega, Spanish poet and playwright (b. 1562)[80]
  • September 6Metius, Dutch mathematician and astronomer (b. 1571)[81]
  • September 10Johann Faulhaber, German mathematician (b. 1580)
  • October 10Johann Ulrich Steigleder, German composer (b. 1593)
  • October 24Wilhelm Schickard, German inventor (b. 1592)
  • October 31Maria Amalia of Nassau-Dillenburg, German noble (b. 1582)
  • November 5Jobst Herman, Count of Schaumburg (b. 1593)
  • November 15Thomas Parr, English alleged oldest living man (b. 1483)
  • November 25John Hall, English physician, son-in-law of William Shakespeare
  • December 1Melchior Teschner, German cantor, composer and theologian (b. 1584)
  • December 9Sophie of Saxony, Duchess of Pomerania (b. 1587)
  • December 19Albrecht of Hanau-Münzenberg, German nobleman (b. 1579)
  • December 23Henry II, Count of Reuss-Gera (b. 1572)
  • December 25Samuel de Champlain, French explorer and founder of Quebec (b. c.1567)
  • date unknown
    • Iravikkutti Pillai, Venad leader in India (b. 1603)
    • Urszula Meyerin, politically influential Polish courtier (b. 1570)
  • probableAnthony Shirley, English traveller (b. 1565)

1636

Date Masamune
Johannes Saeckma
  • January 11Dodo Knyphausen, Swedish military leader (b. 1583)
  • January 16Queen Inyeol, Korean royal consort (b. 1594)
  • January 19Daniel Schwenter, German Orientalist (b. 1585)
  • January 26Jean Hotman, Marquis de Villers-St-Paul, French diplomat (b. 1552)
  • February 13Barbara Sophie of Brandenburg, duchess consort and later regent of Württemberg (b. 1584)
  • February 16Tokuhime, Japanese noble (b. 1559)
  • February 22Santorio Santorio, Italian physician (b. 1561)
  • March 11Christoph Grienberger, Austrian astronomer (b. 1561)
  • March 24Johanna Sibylla of Hanau-Lichtenberg, countess consort of Wied-Runkel and Isenburg (b. 1564)
  • April 6Philipp Uffenbach, German artist (b. 1566)
  • April 18Julius Caesar, English judge (b. c.1557)
  • April 23John Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1590)
  • May 23Agatha Marie of Hanau, German noblewoman (b. 1599)
  • June 7Frederik Coning, Dutch member of the Haarlem schutterij (b. 1594)
  • June 9Antoine de Paule, French-born 56th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. c.1551)
  • June 13George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly, Scottish politician (b. 1562)
  • June 21Justus de Harduwijn, Dutch Catholic priest and poet (b. 1582)
  • June 27Date Masamune, Japanese daimyō (b. 1567)
  • JulyElijah Loans, rabbi and kabbalist (b. 1555)
  • July 20Albrycht Władysław Radziwiłł, Polish prince (b. 1589)
  • August 6 – Countess Katharina of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1568)
  • August 8Simon Louis, Count of Lippe-Detmolt (1627–1636) (b. 1610)
  • August 25Bhai Gurdas, Sikh religious figure (b. 1551)
  • September 6Paul Stockmann, German hymnwriter (b. 1603)
  • September 17Stefano Maderno, Italian sculptor (b. 1576)
  • September 19Franz von Dietrichstein, German Catholic bishop (b. 1570)
  • October 1Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg (b. 1568)
  • October 11Johann Albrecht Adelgrief, German self-proclaimed prophet who was executed for witchcraft
  • October 19
    • Marcin Kazanowski, Polish military leader (b. c. 1564)
    • Hugh Hamersley, Lord Mayor of London, England (1627–1628) (b. 1565)
  • December 9
    • Fabian Birkowski, Polish writer (b. 1566)
    • Giovanni da San Giovanni, Italian painter (b. 1592)
  • December 10Randal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of Antrim, Irish leader
  • December 19William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton, British baron (b. 1591)
  • December 22Johannes Saeckma, Dutch Golden Age magistrate (b. 1572)
  • December 27Iskandar Muda, Sultan of Aceh (b. 1583)
  • date unknownEuphrosina Heldina von Dieffenau; German-Swedish courtier
    • Louise Bourgeois Boursier, French Royal midwife (b. 1563)

1637

Ben Jonson
  • January 23Alice Spencer, Countess of Derby, Baroness Ellesmere and Viscountess Brackley (b. 1559)
  • February 15Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1578)
  • March 10Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania (b. 1580)
  • March 12
    • Cornelius a Lapide, Flemish Jesuit exegete (b. 1567)
    • Anders Arrebo, Danish writer (b. 1587)
  • March 19Péter Pázmány, Hungarian cardinal and statesman (b. 1570)
  • April 4Fernando Afán de Ribera, duke of Alcalá de los Gazules, Spanish diplomat (b. 1583)
  • April 30Niwa Nagashige, Japanese warlord (b. 1571)
  • May 2Chamaraja Wodeyar VI, King of Mysore (b. 1603)
  • May 5William Petre, 2nd Baron Petre, English peer and MP (b. 1575)
  • May 19Isaac Beeckman, Dutch scientist and philosopher (b. 1588)
  • May 29Jiří Třanovský, Czech priest and musician (b. 1592)
  • June 6Pieter Huyssens, Flemish architect (b. 1577)
  • June 24Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (b. 1580)
  • July 1Christopher von Dohna, German politician and scholar (b. 1583)
  • July 21Daniel Sennert, German physician, chemist (b. 1572)
  • July 28Johann Christoph von Westerstetten, German bishop (b. 1563)
  • August 6Ben Jonson, English writer (b. 1572)[82]
  • August 17Johann Gerhard, German Lutheran leader (b. 1582)
  • August 27Princess Catherine Beatrice of Savoy, daughter of the Duke of Savoy (b. 1636)
  • September 8Robert Fludd, English mystic (b. 1574)
  • September 9Louise de Bourbon, French noble (b. 1603)
  • September 14
    • Theodoor Rombouts, Flemish painter (b. 1597)
    • Pierre Vernier, French mathematician (b. 1580)
  • September 21William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1602)
  • September 22Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat (b. 1580)
  • September 27Lorenzo Ruiz, Filipino saint (b. c.1600)
  • October 5Daniel Cramer, German theologian (b. 1568)
  • October 7Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (b. 1587)
  • October 16Johann Rudolf Stadler, Swiss clock-maker (b. 1605)[83]
  • October 21Laurens Reael, Dutch admiral (b. 1583)
  • October 27Robert Caesar, English politician (b. 1602)
  • November 26
    • Andries de Witt, Grand Pensionary of Holland (b. 1573)
    • Humilis of Bisignano, Italian Franciscan friar and saint (b. 1582)
  • December 4Nicholas Ferrar, English trader (b. 1592)
  • December 19Christina of Lorraine, Tuscan regent (b. 1565)
  • December 24Juan López de Agurto de la Mata, Spanish Catholic prelate (b. 1572)
  • December 27Vincenzo Giustiniani, Italian banker (b. 1564)
  • December 31Christian, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1588–1637) (b. 1585)

1638

Cornelis van Haarlem
Barbara Longhi
  • January 21Ignazio Donati, Italian composer (b. c. 1570)
  • January 27Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses, Spanish novelist (b. c. 1585)
  • February 26Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician (b. 1581)
  • March 2William Spring of Pakenham, Member of Parliament (b. 1588)
  • March 22Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (b. 1578)
  • April 1Henry Ley, 2nd Earl of Marlborough, English politician (b. 1595)
  • April 7Shimazu Tadatsune, Japanese ruler of Satsuma (b. 1576)
  • April 13Henri, Duke of Rohan, French Huguenot leader (b. 1579)
  • April 19Jeremias Drexel, Jesuit writer and professor of rhetoric (b. 1581)
  • April 26Margareta Brahe, Swedish political activist (b. 1564)
  • May 6
    • Cornelius Jansen, French bishop and religious reformer (b. 1585)[84]
    • Gaj Singh of Marwar, Raja of Marwar Kingdom (r (b. 1595)
  • May 9Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (b. 1585)
  • May 27Pietro Paolo Floriani, Italian architect (b. 1585)
  • June 25Juan Pérez de Montalbán, Spanish writer (b. 1602)
  • July 27John VIII, Count of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1583)
  • July 31Sibylla Schwarz, German poet (b. 1621)
  • August 3Philipp Moritz, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noble (b. 1605)
  • August 10Anton Henry, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1586–1638) (b. 1571)
  • August 12Baltasar Marradas, Spanish count (b. 1560)
  • August 13Carolus Mulerius, Dutch Hispanist (b. 1601)
  • August 27John Hoskins, English poet (b. 1566)
  • SeptemberChristoph Besold, German jurist (b. 1577)
  • September 5Dorothea of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noblewoman (b. 1556)
  • September 14John Harvard, American clergyman (b. 1607)
  • September 24Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1604–1622) (b. 1573)
  • October 6Jacob Dircksz de Graeff, Dutch mayor (b. 1579)
  • October 4Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy (b. 1632)
  • October 8Raja Wodeyar II, King of Mysore (b. 1612)
  • October 14Gabriello Chiabrera, Italian poet (b. 1552)
  • October 23John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, German duke (b. 1566)
  • October 28Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre, English baron (b. 1599)
  • November 9Johann Heinrich Alsted, German theologian (b. 1588)
  • November 11Cornelis Corneliszoon van Haarlem, Dutch painter (b. 1562)
  • November 16Edward Cecil, 1st Viscount Wimbledon (b. 1572)
  • November 19Lelio Biscia, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1575)
  • November 27
    • Redemptus of the Cross, Portuguese Carmelite lay brother and martyr (b. 1598)
    • Denis of the Nativity, French sailor and cartographer (b. 1600)
  • December 8Ivan Gundulić, Croatian poet (b. 1589)
  • December 13Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg (b. 1584)
  • December 17François Leclerc du Tremblay (b. 1577)
  • December 23Barbara Longhi, Italian painter (b. 1552)

1639

Mustafa I
Johannes Meursius
  • JanuaryShackerley Marmion, English dramatist (b. 1603)
  • January 14Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Duchess of Hunters Village (b. 1563)
  • January 20Mustafa I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1592)
  • January 23Francisco Maldonado da Silva, Peruvian Jewish poet (b. 1592)
  • January 24Georg Jenatsch, Swiss politician (b. 1596)
  • February 5Augusta of Denmark, Duchess Consort of Holstein-Gottorp (b. 1580)
  • March 16Pieter de Neyn, Dutch painter (b. 1597)
  • April 1Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, German Duke (b. 1597)
  • April 2Nicolaes Olycan, Dutch businessman (b. 1599)
  • April 6
    • Berlinghiero Gessi, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1563)
    • John Matthew Rispoli, major Maltese philosopher of great erudition (b. 1582)
  • April 9Albret Skeel, State Admiral of Denmark (b. 1572)
  • May 13Peter Lauremberg, German writer and professor (b. 1585)
  • May 21Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian and poet (b. 1568)
  • June 1Melchior Franck, German composer (b. c. 1579)
  • June 6Peter Crüger, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1580)
  • July 18Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, German general (b. 1604)
  • August 4Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, Mexican dramatist (b. c. 1571)[85]
  • August 6Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger, Danish architect (b. 1587)
  • August 20Martin Opitz von Boberfeld, German poet (b. 1597)[86]
  • August 21Henry Wenceslaus, Duke of Oels-Bernstadt, Duke of Bernstadt (1617–1639) (b. 1592)
  • September 20Johannes Meursius, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1579)
  • September 28Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, French Catholic Cardinal (b. 1593)
  • October 8Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond, British duchess (b. 1578)
  • October 28Stefano Landi, Italian composer (b. 1587)[87]
  • November 3Martin de Porres, Peruvian monk, Roman Catholic saint (b. 1579)
  • November 4Thomas Finch, 2nd Earl of Winchilsea, Member of Parliament (b. 1578)
  • November 7Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour, English politician (b. c. 1560)
  • November 8Richard Knightley, English politician (b. 1593)
  • November 26John Spottiswoode, Scottish historian (b. 1565)
  • December 15Muzio Oddi, Italian mathematician (b. 1569)
  • December 17Nils Turesson Bielke, Swedish politician (b. 1569)
  • December 25John Christian of Brieg, Duke of Brzeg (b. 1591)
  • Date unknown – Madeleine du Fargis, French courtier
  • Approximate date – John Ford, English dramatist (b. 1586)

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