Ionotropic
GABAA
Agonists: (+)-Catechin
Bamaluzole
Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital )
Beta-Alanine
BL-1020
GABA
GABOB
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
Ibotenic acid
Isoguvacine
Isonipecotic acid
L-838,417
Lignans (e.g., honokiol )
Methylglyoxal
Monastrol
Muscimol
Nefiracetam
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone )
Org 20599
Phenibut
Picamilon
Progabide
Propofol
Quisqualamine
SL-75102
Taurine
Terpenoids (e.g., borneol )
Thiomuscimol
Tolgabide
Positive modulators (abridged; see here for a full list):
Alcohols (e.g., drinking alcohol , 2M2B )
Anabolic steroids
Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin )
Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital )
Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam )
Bromide compounds (e.g., potassium bromide )
Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate )
Carbamazepine
Chloralose
Chlormezanone
Clomethiazole
Dihydroergolines (e.g., ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine) )
Etazepine
Etifoxine
Fenamates (e.g., mefenamic acid )
Flavonoids (e.g., apigenin , hispidulin )
Fluoxetine
Flupirtine
Imidazoles (e.g., etomidate )
Kava constituents (e.g., kavain )
Lanthanum
Loreclezole
Monastrol
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone , cholesterol , THDOC )
Niacin
Niacinamide
Nonbenzodiazepines (e.g., β-carbolines (e.g., abecarnil ), cyclopyrrolones (e.g., zopiclone ), imidazopyridines (e.g., zolpidem ), pyrazolopyrimidines (e.g., zaleplon ))
Norfluoxetine
Petrichloral
Phenols (e.g., propofol )
Phenytoin
Piperidinediones (e.g., glutethimide )
Propanidid
Pyrazolopyridines (e.g., etazolate )
Quinazolinones (e.g., methaqualone )
Retigabine (ezogabine)
ROD-188
Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin )
Stiripentol
(e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal) )
Topiramate
Valerian constituents (e.g., valerenic acid )
Volatiles /gases (e.g., chloral hydrate , chloroform , diethyl ether , paraldehyde , sevoflurane )
Negative modulators:
11-Ketoprogesterone
17-Phenylandrostenol
α5IA (LS-193,268)
Anabolic steroids
Amiloride
Anisatin
β-Lactams (e.g., penicillins , cephalosporins , carbapenems )
Basmisanil
Bemegride
Bicyclic phosphates (TBPS , TBPO , IPTBO )
BIDN
Bilobalide
Bupropion
Chlorophenylsilatrane
Cicutoxin
Cloflubicyne
Cyclothiazide
DHEA
DHEA-S
Dieldrin
DMCM
EBOB
FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
(e.g., fipronil )
Flavonoids (e.g., amentoflavone , oroxylin A )
Flumazenil
Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin )
Flurothyl
Furosemide
Golexanolone
Iomazenil (123 I)
IPTBO
Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
L-655,708
Laudanosine
Lindane
Morphine
Morphine-3-glucuronide
MRK-016
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Nicardipine
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens (e.g., apalutamide , bicalutamide , enzalutamide , flutamide , nilutamide )
Oenanthotoxin
Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)
Phenylsilatrane
Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin , picrotoxinin and dihydropicrotoxinin )
Pregnenolone sulfate
PWZ-029
Radequinil
Ro 15-4513
Sarmazenil
Suritozole
TB-21007
TBPS
Terbequinil
TETS
Thujone
Zinc
ZK-93426
GABAA -ρ
Positive modulators: Allopregnanolone
Alphaxolone
ATHDOC
Lanthanides
Metabotropic
GABAB
Antagonists:
CGP-35348
Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
Phaclofen
Saclofen
SCH-50911
SKF-97541
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
GABAA receptor positive modulators
GABA metabolism/transport modulators
Receptor (ligands )
GlyR
Agonists: β-Alanine
β-ABA (BABA)
Caesium
D -Alanine
D -Serine
GABA
Glycine
Hypotaurine
Ivermectin
L -Alanine
L -Proline
L -Serine
L -Threonine
Milacemide
Picolinic acid
Propofol
Quisqualamine
Sarcosine
Taurine
Positive modulators: Alcohols (e.g., , chlorobutanol (chloretone) , ethanol (alcohol) , tert -butanol (2M2P) , tribromoethanol , trichloroethanol , trifluoroethanol )
Alkylbenzene sulfonate
Anandamide
Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital , sodium thiopental )
Chlormethiazole
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine )
Etomidate
Ginseng constituents (e.g., ginsenosides (e.g., ))
Glutamic acid (glutamate)
Ivermectin
Ketamine
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., alfaxolone , pregnenolone (eltanolone) , pregnenolone acetate , minaxolone , ORG-20599 )
Nitrous oxide
Penicillin G
Propofol
Tamoxifen
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Triclofos
(e.g., atropine , bemesetron , cocaine , , tropisetron , zatosetron )
Volatiles /gases (e.g., chloral hydrate , chloroform , desflurane , diethyl ether (ether) , enflurane , halothane , isoflurane , methoxyflurane , sevoflurane , toluene , trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) , trichloroethylene )
Xenon
Zinc
Antagonists:
Bicuculline
Brucine
Cacotheline
Caffeine
Colchicine
Colubrine
Dendrobine
Endocannabinoids (e.g., 2-AG , anandamide (AEA) )
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Gelsemine
Isobutyric acid
Isonipecotic acid
Laudanosine
Nipecotic acid
Pitrazepin
Quinolines (e.g., , , , , , )
Sinomenine
Strychnine
Thiocolchicoside
Tutin
Negative modulators: Amiloride
Benzodiazepines (e.g., bromazepam , clonazepam , diazepam , flunitrazepam , flurazepam )
Daidzein
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine , nifedipine , nitrendipine )
Furosemide
Genistein
Ginkgo constituents (e.g., bilobalide , ginkgolides (e.g., , ginkgolide B , , , ))
Imipramine
NBQX
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., , , deoxycorticosterone , DHEA sulfate , pregnenolone sulfate , progesterone )
Opioids (e.g., codeine , dextromethorphan , dextrorphan , levomethadone , levorphanol , morphine , oripavine , pethidine , thebaine )
Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin )
Riluzole
(e.g., bemesetron , , tropisetron , zatosetron )
Verapamil
Zinc
NMDAR
Transporter (blockers )
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
GABA receptor modulators
GABAA receptor positive modulators
Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
σ1
Agonists: 3-PPP
4-PPBP
5-MeO-DMT
Alazocine (SKF-10047)
Amantadine
Arketamine
BD-1052
Blarcamesine
Captodiame
Citalopram
CGRP
Cloperastine
Cocaine
Cutamesine (SA-4503)
Cyclazocine
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (prasterone )
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (prasterone sulfate )
Dextrallorphan
Dextromethorphan (DXM)
Dextrorphan (DXO)
Dimemorfan
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
Ditolylguanidine (DTG)
Donepezil
Eliprodil
Escitalopram
Fabomotizole (afobazole)
Fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine
Ifenprodil
Igmesine (JO-1784)
Ketamine
L-687384
MDMA (midomafetamine)
Memantine
Methamphetamine
Methoxetamine
Methylphenidate
Nepinalone
Neuropeptide Y
Noscapine
Opipramol
Pentazocine
Pentoxyverine (carbetapentane)
PRE-084
Pregnenolone
Pregnenolone sulfate
Pridopidine
Racemethorphan (methorphan)
Racemorphan (morphanol)
Allosteric modulators: Phenytoin ; Positive: Methylphenylpiracetam
σ2
Antagonists: AC-927
BD-1008
BD-1067
CM-156
MIN-101
Panamesine (EMD-57455)
Unsorted
Antagonists:
Lamotrigine
Naloxone
Allosteric modulators: SKF-83959
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators
TRPA
Activators
4-Hydroxynonenal
4-Oxo-2-nonenal
4,5-EET
12S-HpETE
15-Deoxy-Δ12,14 -prostaglandin J2
α-Sanshool (ginger , Sichuan and melegueta peppers )
Acrolein
Allicin (garlic )
Allyl isothiocyanate (mustard , radish , horseradish , wasabi )
AM404
ASP-7663
Bradykinin
Cannabichromene (cannabis )
Cannabidiol (cannabis )
Cannabigerol (cannabis )
Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon )
CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
Cuminaldehyde (cumin )
Curcumin (turmeric )
(celery )
Diallyl disulfide
Dicentrine (Lindera spp.)
Formalin
Gingerols (ginger )
Hepoxilin A3
Hepoxilin B3
Hydrogen peroxide
Icilin
Isothiocyanate
JT-010
(celery , Angelica acutiloba )
Linalool (Sichuan pepper , thyme )
Methylglyoxal
Methyl salicylate (wintergreen )
N-Methylmaleimide
Nicotine (tobacco )
Oleocanthal (olive oil )
Paclitaxel (Pacific yew )
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
PF-4840154
Phenacyl chloride
Polygodial (Dorrigo pepper )
Shogaols (ginger , Sichuan and melegueta peppers )
Tear gases
Tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis )
Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
Thiopropanal S-oxide (onion )
Umbellulone (Umbellularia californica )
WIN 55,212-2
Blockers
TRPC
TRPM
Activators
ADP-ribose
Calcium (intracellular)
CIM-0216
Cold
Cooling Agent 10
Eucalyptol (eucalyptus )
Geraniol
Hydroxycitronellal
Icilin
Linalool
Menthol (mint )
Pregnenolone sulfate
(Ruta graveolens )
Steviol glycosides (e.g., stevioside ) (Stevia rebaudiana )
Sweet tastants (e.g., glucose , fructose , sucrose ; indirectly)
WS-12
Blockers
TRPML
TRPP
Activators
Triptolide (Tripterygium wilfordii )
Blockers
TRPV
Activators
2-APB
5',6'-EET
9-HODE
9-oxoODE
12S-HETE
12S-HpETE
13-HODE
13-oxoODE
20-HETE
α-Sanshool (ginger , Sichuan and melegueta peppers )
Allicin (garlic )
AM404
Anandamide
(Andrographis paniculata )
Camphor (camphor laurel , rosemary , camphorweed , African blue basil , camphor basil )
Cannabidiol (cannabis )
Cannabidivarin (cannabis )
Capsaicin (chili pepper )
Carvacrol (oregano , thyme , pepperwort , wild bergamot , others)
DHEA
Diacyl glycerol
Dihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper )
Estradiol
Eugenol (basil , clove )
Evodiamine (Euodia ruticarpa )
Gingerols (ginger )
GSK1016790A
Heat
Hepoxilin A3
Hepoxilin B3
Homocapsaicin (chili pepper )
Homodihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper )
Incensole (incense )
Lysophosphatidic acid
Low pH (acidic conditions)
Menthol (mint )
N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
N-Oleoylethanolamide
Nonivamide (PAVA) (PAVA spray )
Nordihydrocapsaicin (chili pepper )
Paclitaxel (Pacific yew )
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Phenylacetylrinvanil
Phorbol esters (e.g., )
Piperine (black pepper , long pepper )
Polygodial (Dorrigo pepper )
Probenecid
Protons
RhTx
(Ruta graveolens )
Resiniferatoxin (RTX) (Euphorbia resinifera /pooissonii )
Shogaols (ginger , Sichuan and melegueta peppers )
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (cannabis )
Thymol (thyme , oregano )
Tinyatoxin (Euphorbia resinifera /pooissonii )
Tramadol
Vanillin (vanilla )
Zucapsaicin
Blockers
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Ion channel modulators