Flualprazolam is a tranquilizer of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. It was first synthesised in 1976,[2] but was never marketed. It has subsequently been sold as a designer drug,[3][4][5] first being definitively identified as such in Sweden in 2018.[6][7] It can be described as the 2'-fluoro derivative of alprazolam, or the fluoro instead of chloro analogue of triazolam, and has similar sedative and anxiolytic effects.[8][9][10][11][12]
Legal status[]
Flualprazolam is banned in Sweden, also is illegal in the UK.[13] In December 2019, the World Health Organization recommended flualprazolam for international scheduling as a Schedule IV medication under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[14]
^US 3987052, Hester JB, et al., "6-Phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepines."
^Wagmann L, Manier SK, Bambauer TP, Felske C, Eckstein N, Flockerzi V, Meyer MR (February 2020). "Toxicokinetics and analytical toxicology of flualprazolam: metabolic fate, isozyme mapping, human plasma concentration, and main urinary excretion products". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 44 (6): 549–558. doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa019. PMID32104896.
^Papsun, Donna M.; Krotulski, Alex J.; Homan, Joe; Temporal, Keith D. H.; Logan, Barry K. (June 2020). "Flualprazolam Blood Concentrations in 197 Forensic Investigation Cases". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa070. PMID32542312.
^Rice, Kathleen; Hikin, Laura; Lawson, Alexander; Smith, Paul R.; Morley, Stephen (August 2020). "Quantification of Flualprazolam in Blood by LC–MS-MS: A Case Series of Nine Deaths". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa098. PMID32780842.
^Zawilska JB, Wojcieszak J (July 2019). "An expanding world of new psychoactive substances-designer benzodiazepines". Neurotoxicology. 73: 8–16. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.015. PMID30802466.
^Moosmann B, Auwärter V (October 2018). "Designer Benzodiazepines: Another Class of New Psychoactive Substances". Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Springer International Publishing. 252: 383–410. doi:10.1007/164_2018_154. ISBN978-3-030-10561-7. PMID30367253.
^Chetraru E, Ameline A, Gheddar L, Raul JS, Kintz P (February 2018). "Les "designer benzodiazepines" : qu'en sait-on aujourd'hui ?". Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique. 30 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1016/j.toxac.2017.12.001. ISSN2352-0078.
^Mei V, Concheiro M, Pardi J, Cooper G (October 2019). "Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of 13 Designer Benzodiazepines in Blood". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 43 (9): 688–695. doi:10.1093/jat/bkz063. PMID31436813.