Receptor (ligands )
GlyR
Agonists: β-Alanine
β-ABA (BABA)
Caesium
D -Alanine
D -Serine
GABA
Glycine
Hypotaurine
Ivermectin
L -Alanine
L -Proline
L -Serine
L -Threonine
Milacemide
Picolinic acid
Propofol
Quisqualamine
Sarcosine
Taurine
Positive modulators: Alcohols (e.g., , chlorobutanol (chloretone) , ethanol (alcohol) , tert -butanol (2M2P) , tribromoethanol , trichloroethanol , trifluoroethanol )
Alkylbenzene sulfonate
Anandamide
Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital , sodium thiopental )
Chlormethiazole
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine )
Etomidate
Ginseng constituents (e.g., ginsenosides (e.g., ))
Glutamic acid (glutamate)
Ivermectin
Ketamine
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., alfaxolone , pregnenolone (eltanolone) , pregnenolone acetate , minaxolone , ORG-20599 )
Nitrous oxide
Penicillin G
Propofol
Tamoxifen
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Triclofos
(e.g., atropine , bemesetron , cocaine , , tropisetron , zatosetron )
Volatiles /gases (e.g., chloral hydrate , chloroform , desflurane , diethyl ether (ether) , enflurane , halothane , isoflurane , methoxyflurane , sevoflurane , toluene , trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) , trichloroethylene )
Xenon
Zinc
Antagonists:
Bicuculline
Brucine
Cacotheline
Caffeine
Colchicine
Colubrine
Dendrobine
Endocannabinoids (e.g., 2-AG , anandamide (AEA) )
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Gelsemine
Isobutyric acid
Isonipecotic acid
Laudanosine
Nipecotic acid
Pitrazepin
Quinolines (e.g., , , , , , )
Sinomenine
Strychnine
Thiocolchicoside
Tutin
Negative modulators: Amiloride
Benzodiazepines (e.g., bromazepam , clonazepam , diazepam , flunitrazepam , flurazepam )
Daidzein
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine , nifedipine , nitrendipine )
Furosemide
Genistein
Ginkgo constituents (e.g., bilobalide , ginkgolides (e.g., , ginkgolide B , , , ))
Imipramine
NBQX
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., , , deoxycorticosterone , DHEA sulfate , pregnenolone sulfate , progesterone )
Opioids (e.g., codeine , dextromethorphan , dextrorphan , levomethadone , levorphanol , morphine , oripavine , pethidine , thebaine )
Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin )
Riluzole
(e.g., bemesetron , , tropisetron , zatosetron )
Verapamil
Zinc
NMDAR
Transporter (blockers )
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
GABA receptor modulators
GABAA receptor positive modulators
Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
Calcium
Potassium
Sodium
VGSCs
Blockers
Antiarrhythmics (class I): Ajmaline
Aprindine
Disopyramide
Dronedarone
Encainide
Flecainide
Lidocaine
Lorajmine
Lorcainide
Mexiletine
Moricizine
Pilsicainide
Prajmaline
Procainamide
Propafenone
Quinidine
Sparteine
Tocainide
Anticonvulsants:
Carbamazepine
Cenobamate
Chlorphenacemide
Eslicarbazepine acetate
Ethotoin
Fosphenytoin
Lacosamide
Licarbazepine
Mephenytoin
Oxcarbazepine
Oxitriptyline
Phenacemide
Pheneturide
Phenytoin
Rufinamide
Topiramate
Sodium valproate
Valnoctamide
Valproate pivoxil
Valproate semisodium
Valproic acid
Valpromide
Zonisamide
Local anesthetics: p FBT
Amylocaine
Articaine
Benzocaine
Bupivacaine (Levobupivacaine , Ropivacaine )
Butacaine
Butamben
Chloroprocaine
Cinchocaine
Cocaine
Cyclomethycaine
Dimethocaine
Diphenhydramine
Etidocaine
Hexylcaine
Iontocaine
Lidocaine
Mepivacaine
Meprylcaine
Metabutoxycaine
Orthocaine
Piperocaine
Prilocaine
Procaine
Propoxycaine
Proxymetacaine
Risocaine
Tetracaine
Trimecaine
Analgesics:
DSP-2230
Funapide
PF-05089771
Ralfinamide
Raxatrigine
Toxins: Conotoxins
Neosaxitoxin
Saxitoxin
Tetrodotoxin
Zetekitoxin AB
Others: Buprenorphine
Evenamide
Menthol (mint )
Safinamide
Tricyclic antidepressants
Activators
ENaC
Blockers
Amiloride
Benzamil
Triamterene
Activators
ASICs
Blockers
Amiloride
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Chloride
CaCCs
Blockers
Crofelemer
DIDS
Ethacrynic acid
Flufenamic acid
Fluoxetine
Furosemide
Glibenclamide
Mefloquine
Mibefradil
Niflumic acid
Activators
CFTR
Blockers
Glibenclamide
Lonidamine
Piretanide
Activators
Unsorted
Blockers
Bumetanide
Flufenamic acid
Meclofenamic acid
Mefenamic acid
Mepacrine
Niflumic acid
Tolfenamic acid
Trifluoperazine
Others
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Transient receptor potential channel modulators
Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
DAT (DRIs )
NET (NRIs )
Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: Amedalin
Alseroxylon
Ciclazindol
Daledalin
Edivoxetine
Esreboxetine
Lortalamine
Mazindol
Nisoxetine
Reboxetine
Talopram
Talsupram
Tandamine
Teniloxazine
Viloxazine
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors: Amineptine
Bupropion
Fencamine
Fencamfamin
Hydroxybupropion
Lefetamine
Levophacetoperane
LR-5182
Manifaxine
Methylphenidate
Nomifensine
O-2172
Radafaxine
Serdexmethylphenidate
Solriamfetol
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: Atomoxetine (tomoxetine)
CP-39,332
Desvenlafaxine
Duloxetine
Eclanamine
Levomilnacipran
McN5652
Milnacipran
N-Methyl-PPPA
PPPA
Tofenacin
Venlafaxine
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors: 3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine
Amifitadine
Ansofaxine
Bicifadine
Brasofensine
Centanafadine
Cocaine
Dasotraline
Desmethylsertraline
Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354)
Diclofensine
DOV-102677
DOV-216303
EXP-561
Fezolamine
HDMP-28
Indatraline
JNJ-7925476
JZ-IV-10
Liafensine
Mazindol
Naphyrone
Nefazodone
Nefopam
NS-2359
Perafensine
PRC200
Pridefine
Sibutramine
Tedatioxetine
Tesofensine
Tropanes (e.g., cocaine )
Tricyclic antidepressants: Amitriptyline
Butriptyline
Cianopramine
Clomipramine
Desipramine
Dosulepin (dothiepin)
Doxepin
Imipramine
Lofepramine
Melitracen
Nortriptyline
Protriptyline
Trimipramine
Tetracyclic antidepressants: Amoxapine
Maprotiline
Mianserin
Oxaprotiline
Setiptiline
Others: Antihistamines (e.g., brompheniramine , chlorphenamine , pheniramine , tripelennamine )
Antipsychotics (e.g., loxapine , ziprasidone )
Arylcyclohexylamines (e.g., ketamine , phencyclidine )
Dopexamine
Ephenidine
Ginkgo biloba
Indeloxazine
Nefazodone
Opioids (e.g., desmetramadol , methadone , pethidine (meperidine) , tapentadol , tramadol , levorphanol )
SERT (SRIs )
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: 6-Nitroquipazine
Alaproclate
Cericlamine
Citalopram
Dapoxetine
Desmethylcitalopram
Didesmethylcitalopram
Escitalopram
Femoxetine
Fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine
Indalpine
Ifoxetine
Norfluoxetine
Omiloxetine
Panuramine
Paroxetine
PIM-35
Pirandamine
RTI-353
Seproxetine
Sertraline
Zimelidine
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin receptor modulators: Etoperidone
Litoxetine
Lubazodone
LY-393558
Quipazine
SB-649915
TGBA01AD
Trazodone
Vilazodone
Vortioxetine
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: Atomoxetine (tomoxetine)
Bicifadine
Desvenlafaxine
Duloxetine
Eclanamine
Levomilnacipran
McN5652
Milnacipran
N-Methyl-PPPA
PPPA
Tofenacin
Venlafaxine
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors: 3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine
Amifitadine
Ansofaxine
Bicifadine
Brasofensine
Centanafadine
Cocaine
Dasotraline
Desmethylsertraline
Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354)
Diclofensine
DOV-102677
DOV-216303
EXP-561
Fezolamine
HDMP-28
Indatraline
JNJ-7925476
JZ-IV-10
Liafensine
Mazindol
Naphyrone
Nefazodone
Nefopam
NS-2359
Perafensine
PRC200
Pridefine
Sibutramine
Tedatioxetine
Tesofensine
Tropanes (e.g., cocaine )
Tricyclic antidepressants: Amitriptyline
Cianopramine
Clomipramine
Cyanodothiepin
Desipramine
Dosulepin (dothiepin)
Doxepin
Imipramine
Lofepramine
Nortriptyline
Pipofezine
Protriptyline
Others:
Amoxapine
Antihistamines (e.g., brompheniramine , chlorphenamine , dimenhydrinate , diphenhydramine , mepyramine (pyrilamine) , pheniramine , tripelennamine )
Antipsychotics (e.g., loxapine , ziprasidone )
Arylcyclohexylamines (e.g., 3-MeO-PCP , esketamine , ketamine , methoxetamine , phencyclidine )
Cyclobenzaprine
Delucemine
Dextromethorphan
Dextrorphan
Efavirenz
Hypidone
Medifoxamine
Mesembrine
Mifepristone
MIN-117 (WF-516)
N-Me-5-HT
Opioids (e.g., dextropropoxyphene , methadone , pethidine (meperidine) , levorphanol , tapentadol , tramadol )
Roxindole
VMATs
Amiodarone
Amphetamines (e.g., amphetamine , methamphetamine , MDMA )
Bietaserpine
Deserpidine
Deutetrabenazine
Dihydrotetrabenazine
Efavirenz
GBR-12935
Ibogaine
Ketanserin
Lobeline
Reserpine
Rose bengal
Tetrabenazine
Valbenazine
Vanoxerine (GBR-12909)
Others
DAT modulators: Agonist-like: SoRI-9804
; Antagonist-like: SoRI-20041
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Monoamine releasing agents • Adrenergics • Dopaminergics • Serotonergics • Monoamine metabolism modulators • Monoamine neurotoxins
nAChRs
Agonists (and PAMs )
5-HIAA
6-Chloronicotine
A-84,543
A-366,833
ABT-202
ABT-418
Acetylcholine
Altinicline
Anabasine
Anatabine
Anatoxin-a
AR-R17779
Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate
Butinoline
Butyrylcholine
Carbachol
Choline
Cotinine
Cytisine
Decamethonium
Desformylflustrabromine
Dianicline
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium
Epibatidine
Epiboxidine
Ethanol (alcohol)
EVP-6124
Galantamine
GTS-21
Ispronicline
Ivermectin
JNJ-39393406
Levamisole
Lobeline
Morantel
Nicotine (tobacco )
PHA-543,613
PNU-120,596
PNU-282,987
Pozanicline
Pyrantel
Rivanicline
RJR-2429
Sazetidine A
SB-206553
SIB-1508Y
SIB-1553A
SSR-180,711
Suxamethonium (succinylcholine)
Suxethonium (succinyldicholine)
TC-1698
TC-1827
TC-2216
TC-5214
TC-5619
Tebanicline
Tribendimidine
Tropisetron
UB-165
Varenicline
WAY-317,538
Antagonists (and NAMs )
18-MAC
18-MC
α-Neurotoxins (e.g., α-bungarotoxin , α-cobratoxin , α-conotoxin , many others)
Alcuronium
Allopregnanolone
Amantadine
Atracurium
Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital , sodium thiopental )
BNC-210
Bungarotoxins (e.g., α-bungarotoxin , κ-bungarotoxin )
Bupropion
BW284C51
BW-A444
Candocuronium iodide (chandonium iodide)
Chlorisondamine
Cisatracurium
Coclaurine
Coronaridine
Curare
Cyclopropane
Dacuronium bromide
Decamethonium
Dehydronorketamine
Desflurane
Dextromethorphan
Dextropropoxyphene
Dextrorphan
Dihydrochandonium
Dimethyltubocurarine (metocurine)
Dioscorine
Dipyrandium
Dizocilpine (MK-801)
Doxacurium
Encenicline
Enflurane
Erythravine
Esketamine
Fazadinium
Gallamine
Gantacurium chloride
Halothane
Hexafluronium
Hexamethonium (benzohexonium)
Hydroxybupropion
Hydroxynorketamine
Ibogaine
Isoflurane
Ketamine
Kynurenic acid
Laudanosine
Laudexium (laudolissin)
Levacetylmethadol
Levomethadone
Malouetine
ME-18-MC
Mecamylamine
Memantine
Methadone
Methorphan (racemethorphan)
Methyllycaconitine
Metocurine
Mivacurium
Morphanol (racemorphan)
Neramexane
Nitrous oxide
Norketamine
Pancuronium bromide
Pempidine
Pentamine
Pentolinium
Phencyclidine
Pipecuronium bromide
Progesterone
Promegestone
Radafaxine
Rapacuronium bromide
Reboxetine
Rocuronium bromide
Sevoflurane
Stercuronium iodide
Surugatoxin
Thiocolchicoside
Toxiferine
Tramadol
Trimetaphan camsilate (trimethaphan camsylate)
Tubocurarine
Vanoxerine
Vecuronium bromide
Xenon
Precursors (and prodrugs )
Acetyl-coA
Adafenoxate
Choline (lecithin )
Citicoline
Cyprodenate
Dimethylethanolamine
Glycerophosphocholine
Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphorylcholine
Pirisudanol
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators • Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
MOR DOR KOR NOP
Antagonists:
AT-076
BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094)
J-113,397
JTC-801
SB-612,111
Thienorphine
Unsorted
β-Casomorphins
Amidorphin
Cytochrophin-4
Gliadorphin (gluteomorphin)
Gluten exorphins
Hemorphins
Kava constituents
NEM
Neoendorphins
Nepetalactone (catnip )
Rubiscolins
Others
Enkephalinase inhibitors : Amastatin
Candoxatril
D -Phenylalanine
Ecadotril (sinorphan)
Kelatorphan
Racecadotril (acetorphan)
RB-101
RB-120
RB-3007
Selank
Semax
Spinorphin
Thiorphan
Tynorphin
Ubenimex (bestatin)
Propeptides: β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)
Prodynorphin
Proenkephalin
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
Others: Kyotorphin (met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)
σ1 σ2
Agonists: 3-PPP
Arketamine
BD-1047
BD1063
Ditolylguanidine (DTG)
Haloperidol
Ifenprodil
Ketamine
MDMA (midomafetamine)
Methamphetamine
Opipramol
PB-28
Phencyclidine
Siramesine (Lu 28-179)
Antagonists: AC-927
BD-1008
BD-1067
CM-156
MIN-101
Panamesine (EMD-57455)
Unknown/unsorted:
3-MeO-PCE
4-MeO-PCP
5-MeO-DALT
5-MeO-DiPT
Clemastine
DiPT
DPT
Ibogaine
Nemonapride
Nepinalone
Noribogaine
Pentazocine
RS-67,333
Safinamide
TMA
W-18
Unsorted
Agonists: Berberine
Ethylketazocine
Fourphit
Metaphit
Naluzotan
Tapentadol
Tenocyclidine
Antagonists:
Lamotrigine
Naloxone
Allosteric modulators: SKF-83959
Unknown/unsorted: 18-Methoxycoronaridine
Butaclamol
Caramiphen
Chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine)
Chlorpromazine
Cinnarizine
Clocapramine
Dezocine
Hypericin (St. John's wort )
Fluphenazine
Gevotroline (WY-47384)
Mepyramine (pyrilamine)
Molindone
Perphenazine
Pimozide
Proadifen
Promethazine
Propranolol
Quinidine
Remoxipride
Tiospirone (BMY-13859)
Venlafaxine
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators