Ditran (JB-329 ) is an anticholinergic drug mixture, related to the chemical warfare agent 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB).
Ditran is composed of a mixture of 70% 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl-alpha- phenylcyclopentylglycolate and 30% 1-ethyl-3-piperidyl-alpha-phenylcyclopentylglycolate. These compounds are structural isomers and have very similar pharmacological properties. The piperidine compound is the more potent of the two and the reason the mixture was used was because of ease of manufacture, however it is also possible to make the piperidine compound in its pure form, so there were ultimately two forms of Ditran used in research, the original 70/30 mix, and "Ditran-B", the pure piperidine compound. Ditran was developed during chemical weapons research in an attempt to produce non-lethal incapacitating agents, similar to QNB itself. The ditran mixture is more potent as an anticholinergic than the piperidyl benzilate drugs such as N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate, but is less potent than QNB.[1] [2]
There has been a modest amount of scientific research using this mixture,[3] [4] but most modern research using these kinds of anticholinergic drugs uses N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate due to its wider availability.
See also [ ]
References [ ]
^ Franke S, Franz P, Warnke W (1975). Lehrbuch der Militärchemie . Vol. 1. Ost-Berlin: Militärverlag der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik.
^ Commission on Life Sciences (1982). Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents . Vol. 1. The National Academies Press. pp. 191–195.
^ Volle RL, Alkadhi KA, Branisteanu DD, Reynolds LS, Epstein PM, Smilowitz H, et al. (June 1982). "Ketamine and ditran block end-plate ion conductance and [3H]phencyclidine binding to electric organ membrane". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics . 221 (3): 570–6. PMID 6123584 .
^ Vanderwolf CH, Stewart DJ (1986). "Joint cholinergic-serotonergic control of neocortical and hippocampal electrical activity in relation to behavior: effects of scopolamine, ditran, trifluoperazine and amphetamine". Physiology & Behavior . 38 (1): 57–65. doi :10.1016/0031-9384(86)90132-0 . PMID 3786502 .
External links [ ]
Media related to Ditran at Wikimedia Commons
Hallucinogens
Psychedelics (5-HT2A agonists)
Benzofurans
2C-B-FLY
2CBFly-NBOMe
5-MeO-BFE
5-MeO-DiBF
Bromo-DragonFLY
F-2
F-22
TFMFly
Lyserg‐ amides
1B-LSD
1cP-LSD
1P-ETH-LAD
1P-LSD
1V-LSD
2-Butyllysergamide
3-Pentyllysergamide
AL-LAD
ALD-52
BU-LAD
Diallyllysergamide
Dimethyllysergamide
ECPLA
Ergometrine
ETH-LAD
IP-LAD
LAE-32
LPD-824
LSA
LSD
LSD-Pip
LSH
LSM-775
LSZ
Methylergometrine
MIPLA
Methysergide
MLD-41
PARGY-LAD
PRO-LAD
Phenethyl‐ amines
Piperazines Tryptamines
alpha -alkyltryptamines
4,5-DHP-α-MT
5-MeO-α-ET
5-MeO-α-MT
α-ET
α-MT
x -DALT
(Daltacetin) 4-AcO-DALT
5-MeO-DALT
DALT
x -DET
(Ethacetin) 4-AcO-DET
(Ethocin) 4-HO-DET
5-MeO-DET
(T-9) DET
(Ethocybin) 4-PO-DET
x -DiPT
(Ipracetin) 4-AcO-DiPT
(Iprocin) 4-HO-DiPT
5-MeO-DiPT
DiPT
x -DMT
4,5-DHP-DMT
2,N,N-TMT
4-AcO-DMT
4-HO-5-MeO-DMT
4-Propionyloxy-DMT
5-AcO-DMT
5-Bromo-DMT
5-MeO-DMT
5-N ,N -TMT
7,N,N-TMT
α,N,N-TMT
(Bufotenin) 5-HO-DMT
DMT
Norbaeocystin
(Psilocin) 4-HO-DMT
(Psilocybin) 4-PO-DMT
x -DPT
(Deprocin) 4-HO-DPT
5-MeO-DPT
(The Light) DPT
Ibogaine-related
18-MAC
18-MC
Coronaridine
Ibogaine
Ibogamine
ME-18-MC
Noribogaine
Tabernanthine
Voacangine
x -MET
(Metocin) 4-HO-MET
(Metocetin) 4-AcO-MET
5-MeO-MET
MET
x -MiPT
(Mipracetin) 4-AcO-MiPT
(Miprocin) 4-HO-MiPT
5-Me-MiPT
(Moxy) 5-MeO-MiPT
MiPT
Others
4-HO-DBT
4-HO-EPT
4-HO-McPT
(Lucigenol) 4-HO-MPMI
(Meprocin) 4-HO-MPT
5-MeO-EiPT
5-MeO-MALT
5-MeO-MPMI
Aeruginascin
Baeocystin
DBT
EiPT
EPT
MPT
PiPT
Others
AL-38022A
ALPHA
Dimemebfe
Efavirenz
Glaucine
Lorcaserin
M-ALPHA
RH-34 Also empathogens in general (e. g.: 5-APB , 5-MAPB , 6-APB and other substituted benzofurans ).
Dissociatives (NMDAR antagonists )
Arylcyclo‐ hexylamines
Ketamine-related PCP-related Others
Diarylethylamines Morphinans
Dextrallorphan
Dextromethorphan
Dextrorphan
Racemethorphan
Racemorphan
Others
Deliriants (mAChR antagonists ) Others
Cannabinoids (CB1 agonists)
Natural
Salvinorin A
THC (Dronabinol)
THCV
Synthetic
D2 agonists
Apomorphine
Aporphine
Bromocriptine
Cabergoline
Lisuride
LSD
Memantine
Nuciferine
Pergolide
Phenethylamine
Piribedil
Pramipexole
Ropinirole
Rotigotine
Salvinorin A Also indirect D2 agonists, such as dopamine reuptake inhibitors (cocaine , methylphenidate ), releasing agents (amphetamine , methamphetamine ), and precursors (levodopa ).
GABAA enhancers
CI-966
Eszopiclone
Ibotenic acid
Muscimol (Amanita muscaria )
Zaleplon
Zolpidem
Zopiclone
Inhalants (Mixed MOA )
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Butane
Gasoline
Kerosene
Propane
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Ethers
Haloalkanes
Chlorofluorocarbons
Chloroform
κOR agonists
2-EMSB
Alazocine
Bremazocine
Butorphan
Butorphanol
Cyclazocine
Cyclorphan
Cyprenorphine
Diprenorphine
Enadoline
Herkinorin
Heroin
HZ-2
Ibogaine
Ketazocine
Levallorphan
Levomethorphan
Levorphanol
LPK-26
Metazocine
Morphine
Nalbuphine
Nalmefene
Nalorphine
Noribogaine
Oxilorphan
Pentazocine
Phenazocine
Proxorphan
Racemethorphan
Racemorphan
Salvinorin A
Spiradoline
Tifluadom
U-50488
U-69,593
Xorphanol
Oneirogens
Calea zacatechichi
Silene capensis
Galantamine
Others
Glaucine
Isoaminile
Noscapine
Pukateine
mAChRs
Agonists Antagonists
3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
4-DAMP
Aclidinium bromide (+formoterol )
Abediterol
AF-DX 384
Ambutonium bromide
Anisodamine
Anisodine
Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g., brompheniramine , buclizine , captodiame , chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine) , cinnarizine , clemastine , cyproheptadine , dimenhydrinate , dimetindene , diphenhydramine , doxylamine , meclizine , mequitazine , perlapine , phenindamine , pheniramine , phenyltoloxamine , promethazine , propiomazine , triprolidine )
Atropine
Atropine methonitrate
Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine , fluperlapine , olanzapine (+fluoxetine ), , quetiapine , tenilapine , zotepine )
Benactyzine
Benzatropine (benztropine)
Benzilone
Benzilylcholine mustard
Benzydamine
Biperiden
Bornaprine
Camylofin
CAR-226,086
CAR-301,060
CAR-302,196
CAR-302,282
CAR-302,668
Caramiphen
Cimetropium bromide
Clidinium bromide
Cloperastine
CS-27349
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclopentolate
Darifenacin
Desfesoterodine
Dexetimide
Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
Dihexyverine
Difemerine
Diphemanil metilsulfate
Ditran
Drofenine
EA-3167
EA-3443
EA-3580
EA-3834
Emepronium bromide
Etanautine
Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
Fenpiverinium
Fentonium bromide
Fesoterodine
Flavoxate
Glycopyrronium bromide (+beclometasone/formoterol , +indacaterol )
Hexocyclium
Himbacine
Homatropine
Imidafenacin
Ipratropium bromide (+salbutamol )
Isopropamide
Hyoscyamine
Mamba toxin 3
Mamba toxin 7
Mazaticol
Mebeverine
Meladrazine
Mepenzolate
Methantheline
Methoctramine
Methylatropine
Methylhomatropine
Methylscopolamine
Metixene
Muscarinic toxin 7
N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
Nefopam
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
Orphenadrine
Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
Otilonium bromide
Oxapium iodide
Oxitropium bromide
Oxybutynin
Oxyphencyclimine
Oxyphenonium bromide
PD-102,807
PD-0298029
Penthienate
Pethidine
Phenglutarimide
Phenyltoloxamine
Pipenzolate bromide
Piperidolate
Pirenzepine
Piroheptine
Pizotifen
Poldine
Pridinol
Prifinium bromide
Procyclidine
Profenamine (ethopropazine)
Propantheline bromide
Propiverine
Quinidine
3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate
Revefenacin
Rociverine
Scopolamine (hyoscine)
Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
Sofpironium bromide
Solifenacin
SSRIs (e.g., femoxetine , paroxetine )
Telenzepine
Terodiline
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine , maprotiline , mianserin , mirtazapine )
Tiemonium iodide
Timepidium bromide
Tiotropium bromide
Tofenacin
Tolterodine
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline (+perphenazine ), amitriptylinoxide , butriptyline , cidoxepin , clomipramine , desipramine , , dibenzepin , dosulepin (dothiepin) , doxepin , imipramine , lofepramine , nitroxazepine , northiaden (desmethyldosulepin) , nortriptyline , protriptyline , quinupramine , trimipramine )
Tridihexethyl
Trihexyphenidyl
Trimebutine
Tropatepine
Tropicamide
Trospium chloride
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine , chlorprothixene , cyamemazine (cyamepromazine) , loxapine , mesoridazine , thioridazine )
Umeclidinium bromide (+vilanterol )
WIN-2299
Xanomeline
Precursors (and prodrugs )
Acetyl-coA
Adafenoxate
Choline (lecithin )
Citicoline
Cyprodenate
Dimethylethanolamine
Glycerophosphocholine
Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphorylcholine
Pirisudanol
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators • Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators