List of majority-minority United States congressional districts
A majority-minority district is an electoral district, such as a United States congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities (as opposed to Non-Hispanic whites in the U.S.). Race is collected through the decennial United States census.
Majority-minority districts may be created to avoid or remedy violations of the Voting Rights Act of 1965's prohibitions on drawing redistricting plans that diminish the ability of a racial or language minority to elect its candidates of choice. In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. The value of drawing district lines to create majority-minority districts is a matter of dispute both within and outside of minority communities. Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting power of minorities and analogous to racial segregation; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election of minorities to legislative bodies, including the House of Representatives. Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996).
Districts with an African-American majority[]
Population data are from 2019 Census American Community Survey One-Year Estimates. Districts in the table below reflect the 117th Congress.
Currently, there are 22 congressional districts where African Americans make up a majority of constituents. Every district is represented by Democrats. There are two African American majority congressional districts that are represented by someone who is not African American; Steve Cohen from Tennessee's 9th and Rashida Tlaib from Michigan's 13th.
Rank | Perc. | State | District | 117th Congress | Total 2019 | Afric. Amer. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1[1] | 65.7% | Tennessee | TN-09 | Steve Cohen (non-Black) | 700,497 | 455,867 |
2[2] | 65.6% | Mississippi | MS-02 | Bennie Thompson | 692,452 | 464,171 |
3[3] | 63.4% | Alabama | AL-07 | Terri Sewell | 670,015 | 419,256 |
4[4] | 62.2% | Louisiana | LA-02 | Troy Carter | 788,021 | 484,763 |
5[5] | 59.1% | Georgia | GA-04 | Hank Johnson | 782,142 | 476,112 |
6[6] | 58.5% | Georgia | GA-05 | Nikema Williams | 788,996 | 436,884 |
7[7] | 57.9% | Georgia | GA-13 | David Scott | 802,943 | 494,566 |
8[8] | 57% | South Carolina | SC-06 | Jim Clyburn | 665,215 | 361,328 |
9[9] | 56.9% | Michigan | MI-14 | Brenda Lawrence | 689,939 | 385,996 |
10[10] | 56.3% | Illinois | IL-02 | Robin Kelly | 685,695 | 383,058 |
11[11] | 55.6% | Michigan | MI-13 | Rashida Tlaib (non-Black) | 672,291 | 363,772 |
12[12] | 55% | New York | NY-08 | Hakeem Jeffries | 776,825 | 403,080 |
13[13] | 54% | Pennsylvania | PA-03 | Dwight Evans | 741,654 | 418,050 |
14[14] | 53.8% | Maryland | MD-07 | Kweisi Mfume | 717,158 | 376,343 |
16[15] | 53.4% | Florida | FL-20 | Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick | 802,463 | 424,842 |
17[16] | 52.9% | Maryland | MD-04 | Anthony G. Brown | 758,795 | 397,281 |
15[17] | 53.5% | Ohio | OH-11 | Shontel Brown | 684,617 | 362,284 |
19[18] | 51.6% | Georgia | GA-02 | Sanford Bishop | 671,831 | 354,964 |
20[19] | 51.3% | Illinois | IL-01 | Bobby Rush | 711,039 | 359,132 |
18[20] | 52.7% | New Jersey | NJ-10 | Donald Payne Jr. | 761,783 | 388,608 |
21[21] | 50.6% | Florida | FL-24 | Frederica Wilson | 754,731 | 355,273 |
22[22] | 50.5% | New York | NY-09 | Yvette Clarke | 720,316 | 336,566 |
Districts with an Asian-American majority[]
Currently, Asian-Americans make up the majority of constituents in two districts. California's 17th represented by Indian-American Ro Khanna and Hawaii's 1st represented by non-Asian Ed Case. Both are Democrats.
Rank | Perc. | State | District | Member | Total 2019 | Asian Amer. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1[23] | 52.7% | California | CA-17 | Ro Khanna | 790,519 | 439,547 |
2[24] | 50.2% | Hawaii | HI-01 | Ed Case (non-Asian) | 720,786 | 364,354 |
Districts with a Hispanic/Latino majority[]
Rank | Perc. | State | District | Congressional Hispanic C… | Total 2010 | Hispanic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 82.5% | Texas | TX-15 | Vicente González | 787,124 | 649,297 |
2 | 81.5% | Texas | TX-16 | Veronica Escobar | 757,427 | 617,465 |
3 | 78.9% | Texas | TX-28 | Henry Cuellar | 851,824 | 672,129 |
4 | 78.7% | California | CA-34 | Jimmy Gomez | 654,303 | 515,167 |
5 | 76.0% | Texas | TX-29 | Sylvia Garcia | 677,032 | 514,861 |
6 | 75.4% | California | CA-38 | Linda Sánchez | 641,410 | 483,490 |
7 | 73.5% | Illinois | IL-04 | Jesús "Chuy" García | 601,156 | 442,018 |
8 | 73.2% | Texas | TX-27 | Michael Cloud (Republican) | 741,993 | 543,306 |
9 | 71.6% | Florida | FL-25 | Mario Díaz-Balart (Republican) | 807,176 | 577,998 |
10 | 71.5% | Texas | TX-20 | Joaquin Castro | 711,705 | 509,208 |
11 | 70.4% | California | CA-20 | Jimmy Panetta | 744,350 | 523,705 |
12 | 68.5% | California | CA-51 | Juan Vargas | 757,891 | 473,224 |
13 | 68.2% | California | CA-31 | Pete Aguilar | 611,336 | 417,183 |
14 | 66.4% | Texas | TX-23 | Tony Gonzales (Republican) | 847,651 | 562,913 |
15 | 66.1% | New York | NY-15 | Ritchie Torres | 731,101 | 483,258 |
16 | 62.6% | California | CA-32 | Grace Napolitano | 642,236 | 412,275 |
17 | 61.6% | Arizona | AZ-03 | Raúl Grijalva | 698,314 | 446,159 |
18 | 56.0% | Arizona | AZ-07 | Ruben Gallego | 855,769 | 479,014 |
19 | 51.8% | New Mexico | NM-02 | Yvette Herrell (Republican) | 663,956 | 343,856 |
20 | 51.2% | California | CA-21 | David Valadao (Republican) | 784,176 | 401,194 |
Districts with an African-American plurality[]
- Florida's 5th congressional district
- Missouri's 1st congressional district
- Texas's 30th congressional district
Districts with a Hispanic/Latino plurality[]
- California's 16th congressional district
- California's 18th congressional district
- California's 35th congressional district
- California's 37th congressional district
- California's 39th congressional district
- California's 43rd congressional district
- California's 47th congressional district
- New York's 14th congressional district
Districts with a white plurality (majority-minority)[]
- California's 6th congressional district
- California's 12th congressional district
- California's 13th congressional district
- California's 15th congressional district
- California's 23rd congressional district
- Georgia's 7th congressional district
- Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
- Maryland’s 5th congressional district
- Massachusetts's 7th congressional district
- Washington's 9th congressional district
See also[]
- Majority minority
- Race in the United States
- Voting Rights Act
References[]
- ^ "My Congressional District: Tennessee's 9th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Mississippi's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Alabama's 7th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Louisiana's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 4th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 5th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 13th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: South Carolina's 6th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Michigan's 14th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Illinois's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Michigan's 13th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: New York's 8th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Pennsylvania's 3rd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Maryland's 7th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Florida's 20th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Maryland's 4th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Ohio's 11th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Illinois's 1st". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: New Jersey's 10th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Florida's 24th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: New York's 9th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: California's 17th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- ^ "My Congressional District: Hawaii's 1st". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
External links[]
- Use of Racial Data in Redistricting - Background Paper Prepared for the Minnesota Legislature Subcommittee on Geographic Information Systems
- Majority-Minority Voting Districts and Their Role in Politics: Their Advantages, Their Drawbacks, and the Current Law
- Voting wrongs - racial reapportionment
- Race and Redistricting: The Shaw-Cromartie Cases
- The Electoral Competitiveness of Majority-Minority Districts
- Redrawing Lines of Power: Redistricting 2011 Making Contact, produced by the National Radio Project, April 12, 2011
- United States congressional districts