Marichuela Formation

Marichuela Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Miocene-Early Pliocene
~8.2–5 Ma

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S

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N

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Marichuela Formation; Stratigraphic range: Late Miocene-Early Pliocene; ~8.2–5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Underlies	Tilatá Formation
Overlies	Guadalupe Group
Thickness	up to 40 metres (130 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Conglomerate
Location
Coordinates	4°21′40.3″N 74°07′50″W / 4.361194°N 74.13056°WCoordinates: 4°21′40.3″N 74°07′50″W / 4.361194°N 74.13056°W
Region	Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense; Eastern Ranges, Andes
Country	Colombia
Type section
Named for	Marichuela neighbourhood
Named by	Helmens & Hammen
Location	Usme, Bogotá
Year defined	1995
Coordinates	4°21′40.3″N 74°07′50″W / 4.361194°N 74.13056°W
Region	Cundinamarca
Country	Colombia

The Marichuela Formation (Spanish: Formación Marichuela, N_1m) is a geological formation of the Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of coarse to very coarse conglomerates. The Marichuela Formation dates to the Neogene period; Late Miocene to Early Pliocene epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 40 metres (130 ft).

Etymology[]

The formation was defined by Helmens and Van der Hammen in 1995 and named after the Marichuela neighbourhood of Usme.^[1] Part of the Marichuela Formation had been included in the Conos de Tunjuelo, defined by Julivert in 1961.^[2]

Description[]

Lithologies[]

The Marichuela Formation consists of coarse to very coarse conglomerates.^[1]

Stratigraphy and depositional environment[]

The Marichuela Formation unconformably overlies the Cretaceous rocks of the Guadalupe Group. The age has been estimated to be Late Miocene to Early Pliocene.^[3] The depositional environment has been interpreted as alluvial fans, caused by earthquakes or heavy rains.^[4]

Outcrops[]

Type locality of the Marichuela Formation to the southeast of the Bogotá savanna

The Marichuela Formation is apart from its type locality in the Usme Synclinal, the valley of the Tunjuelo River, found in the synclinals of , and La Calera.^[1]

Regional correlations[]

Stratigraphy of the Llanos Basin and surrounding provinces
Ma	Age	Regional events			proximal Llanos	distal Llanos			Environments	Maximum thickness	Petroleum geology	Notes
0.01	Holocene	Holocene volcanism Seismic activity	alluvium								Overburden
1	Pleistocene	Pleistocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 Glaciations		Soatá Sabana					Alluvial to fluvial (Guayabo)	550 m (1,800 ft) (Guayabo)		^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]
2.6	Pliocene	Pliocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 GABI		Subachoque
5.3	Messinian	Andean orogeny 3 Foreland		Marichuela				Honda				^[7]^[9]
13.5	Langhian	Regional flooding		hiatus					Lacustrine (León)	400 m (1,300 ft) (León)	Seal	^[8]^[10]
16.2	Burdigalian	Miocene inundations Andean orogeny 2							Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C1)	850 m (2,790 ft) (Carbonera)	Reservoir	^[9]^[8]
17.3									Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2)		Seal
19									Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3)		Reservoir
21	Early Miocene	Pebas wetlands						Barzalosa	Distal fluvio-deltaic (C4)		Seal
23	Late Oligocene	Andean orogeny 1 Foredeep							Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C5)		Reservoir	^[6]^[9]
25	Late Oligocene								Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6)		Seal
28	Early Oligocene								Proximal deltaic-marine (C7)		Reservoir	^[6]^[9]^[11]
32	Oligo-Eocene			Usme		onlap			Marine-deltaic (C8)		Seal Source	^[11]
35	Late Eocene			Usme					Coastal (Mirador)	240 m (790 ft) (Mirador)	Reservoir	^[8]^[12]
40	Middle Eocene			Regadera				hiatus
45	Middle Eocene
50	Early Eocene								Deltaic (Los Cuervos)	260 m (850 ft) (Los Cuervos)	Seal Source	^[8]^[12]
55	Late Paleocene	PETM 2000 ppm CO₂		Bogotá					Deltaic (Los Cuervos)	260 m (850 ft) (Los Cuervos)	Seal Source
60	Early Paleocene	SALMA	Barco	Guaduas					Fluvial (Barco)	225 m (738 ft) (Barco)	Reservoir	^[5]^[6]^[9]^[8]^[13]
65	Maastrichtian	KT extinction		Guadalupe					Deltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe)	750 m (2,460 ft) (Guadalupe)	Reservoir	^[5]^[8]
72	Campanian	End of rifting										^[8]^[14]
83	Santonian						Villeta/Güagüaquí
86	Coniacian
89	Turonian	Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event		Chipaque	Gachetá	hiatus			Restricted marine (all)	500 m (1,600 ft) (Gachetá)	Source	^[5]^[8]^[15]
93	Cenomanian	Rift 2		Chipaque	Gachetá				Restricted marine (all)	500 m (1,600 ft) (Gachetá)	Source
100	Albian			Une	Une		Caballos		Deltaic (Une)	500 m (1,600 ft) (Une)	Reservoir	^[9]^[15]
113	Aptian			Fómeque					Open marine (Fómeque)	800 m (2,600 ft) (Fómeque)	Source (Fóm)	^[6]^[8]^[16]
125	Barremian	High biodiversity		Paja					Shallow to open marine (Paja)	940 m (3,080 ft) (Paja)	Reservoir	^[5]
129	Hauterivian	Rift 1		Las Juntas	hiatus				Deltaic (Las Juntas)	910 m (2,990 ft) (Las Juntas)	Reservoir (LJun)	^[5]
133	Valanginian			Macanal Rosablanca					Restricted marine (Macanal)	2,935 m (9,629 ft) (Macanal)	Source (Mac)	^[6]^[17]
140	Berriasian		Girón	Macanal Rosablanca					Restricted marine (Macanal)	2,935 m (9,629 ft) (Macanal)	Source (Mac)
145	Tithonian	Break-up of Pangea		Arcabuco					Alluvial, fluvial (Buenavista)	110 m (360 ft) (Buenavista)	"Jurassic"	^[9]^[18]
150	Early-Mid Jurassic	Passive margin 2	La Quinta	Noreán	hiatus				Coastal tuff (La Quinta)	100 m (330 ft) (La Quinta)		^[19]
201	Late Triassic	Passive margin 2		Noreán								^[9]
235	Early Triassic	Pangea		hiatus							"Paleozoic"
250	Permian	Pangea
300	Late Carboniferous	Famatinian orogeny						()				^[20]
340	Early Carboniferous	Fossil fish Romer's gap		Cuche (355-385)	()			()	Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche)	900 m (3,000 ft) (Cuche)
360	Late Devonian	Passive margin 1	Río Cachirí (360-419)	Cuche (355-385)	()			()	Alluvial-fluvial-reef (Farallones)	2,400 m (7,900 ft) (Farallones)		^[17]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]
390	Early Devonian	High biodiversity	Floresta (387-400)					()	Shallow marine (Floresta)	600 m (2,000 ft) (Floresta)
410	Late Silurian		Floresta (387-400)
425	Early Silurian		hiatus
440	Late Ordovician	Rich fauna in Bolivia	(450-490)		()
470	Early Ordovician	First fossils	(450-490)	(>470±22)	()		()	() Venado (470-475)				^[25]^[26]^[27]
488	Late Cambrian	Regional intrusions	(490-515)	()	()		(490-590)	()				^[28]^[29]
515	Early Cambrian	Cambrian explosion		()				()				^[27]^[30]
542	Ediacaran	Break-up of Rodinia		pre-Quetame		post-Parguaza		()	Yellow: allochthonous basement (Chibcha Terrane) Green: autochthonous basement (Río Negro-Juruena Province)		Basement	^[31]^[32]
600	Neoproterozoic	Cariri Velhos orogeny	(600-1400)				pre-Guaviare					^[28]
800	Neoproterozoic	Snowball Earth										^[33]
1000	Mesoproterozoic	Sunsás orogeny			(1000)			(1030-1100)				^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]
1300					pre-Ariarí	(1300-1400)		(1180-1550)				^[38]
1400			pre-Bucaramanga					(1180-1550)				^[39]
1600	Paleoproterozoic					(1500-1700)		pre-Garzón				^[40]
1800						(1800)						^[38]^[40]
1950						pre-Mitú						^[38]
2200		Columbia
2530	Archean											^[38]
3100	Archean	Kenorland
Sources

Legend

group
important formation
fossiliferous formation
minor formation
(age in Ma)
proximal Llanos (Medina)^{[note 1]}
distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)^{[note 2]}

Notes[]

^ based on Duarte et al. (2019)^[41], García González et al. (2009),^[42] and geological report of Villavicencio^[43]
^ based on Duarte et al. (2019)^[41] and the hydrocarbon potential evaluation performed by the UIS and in 2009^[44]

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.65
^ Suna Hisca, s.a., p.45
^ Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.67
^ Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.66
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f García González et al., 2009, p.27
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f García González et al., 2009, p.50
^ ^a ^b García González et al., 2009, p.85
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Barrero et al., 2007, p.60
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Barrero et al., 2007, p.58
^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.29
^ ^a ^b Plancha 177, 2015, p.39
^ ^a ^b Plancha 111, 2001, p.26
^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.24
^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.23
^ ^a ^b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.32
^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.30
^ ^a ^b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.21-26
^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.28
^ Correa Martínez et al., 2019, p.49
^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.27
^ Terraza et al., 2008, p.22
^ Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55
^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.26
^ Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
^ Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
^ Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
^ ^a ^b Plancha 303, 2002, p.24
^ ^a ^b Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
^ Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25
^ Plancha 350, 2011, p.49
^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.17-21
^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.13
^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.23
^ Plancha 348, 2015, p.38
^ Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35
^ Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.21
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
^ Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
^ ^a ^b Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22
^ ^a ^b Duarte et al., 2019
^ García González et al., 2009
^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001
^ García González et al., 2009, p.60

Bibliography[]

Montoya Arenas, Diana María, and Germán Alfonso Reyes Torres. 2005. Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, 1–104. INGEOMINAS.
N., N. s.a. Parque Ecológico Distrital de Montaña Entrenubes – Tomo I – Componente Biofísico – Geología, 36–51. Corporación Suna Hisca.

Maps[]

Buitrago, José Alberto; Roberto Terraza M., and Fernando Etayo. 1998. Plancha 228 - Santafé de Bogotá Noreste - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06.

External links[]

Gómez, J.; N.E. Montes; Á. Nivia, and H. Diederix. 2015. Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000, 1. Servicio Geológico Colombiano. Accessed 2017-03-16.

[44] sed on Duarte et al. (2019)^[41], García González et al. (2009),^[42] and geological report of Villavicencio^[43]

[46] sed on Duarte et al. (2019)^[41] and the hydrocarbon potential evaluation performed by the UIS and in 2009^[44]

[Ingeominas_p65-1] Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.65

[SunaHisca_p45-2] Suna Hisca, s.a., p.45

[Ingeominas_p67-3] Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.67

[Ingeominas_p66-4] Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.66

[UISANH2009_p27-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f García González et al., 2009, p.27

[UISANH2009_p50-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f García González et al., 2009, p.50

[UISANH2009_p85-7] García González et al., 2009, p.85

[ANH2007_p60-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Barrero et al., 2007, p.60

[ANH2007_p58-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Barrero et al., 2007, p.58

[Plancha111_p29-10] Plancha 111, 2001, p.29

[Plancha177_p39-11] Plancha 177, 2015, p.39

[Plancha111_p26-12] Plancha 111, 2001, p.26

[Plancha111_p24-13] Plancha 111, 2001, p.24

[Plancha111_p23-14] Plancha 111, 2001, p.23

[Pulido2001_p32-15] Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.32

[Pulido2001_p30-16] Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.30

[Pulido2001_pp21_26-17] Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.21-26

[Pulido2001_p28-18] Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.28

[Correa2019_p49-19] Correa Martínez et al., 2019, p.49

[Plancha303_p27-20] Plancha 303, 2002, p.27

[Terraza2008_p22-21] Terraza et al., 2008, p.22

[Plancha229_pp46_55-22] Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55

[Plancha303_p26-23] Plancha 303, 2002, p.26

[Moreno2009_p53-24] Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53

[Figueroa2015_p43-25] Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43

[Manosalva2017_p84-26] Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84

[Plancha303_p24-27] Plancha 303, 2002, p.24

[Figueroa2015_p42-28] Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42

[Arango2012_p25-29] Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25

[Plancha350_p49-30] Plancha 350, 2011, p.49

[Pulido2001_pp17_21-31] Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.17-21

[Plancha111_p13-32] Plancha 111, 2001, p.13

[Plancha303_p23-33] Plancha 303, 2002, p.23

[Plancha348_p38-34] Plancha 348, 2015, p.38

[Plancha367_414_p35-35] Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35

[Toro2014_p22-36] Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22

[Plancha303_p21-37] Plancha 303, 2002, p.21

[Bonilla2016_p19-38] Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19

[GeoMap2015_p209-39] Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209

[Bonilla2016_p22-40] Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22

[Duarte2019-41] Duarte et al., 2019

[UISANH2009-42] García González et al., 2009

[Pulido2001-43] Pulido & Gómez, 2001

[UISANH2009_p60-45] García González et al., 2009, p.60

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