Fómeque Formation
Fómeque Formation Stratigraphic range: Barremian-Late Aptian ~ | |
---|---|
Type | Geological formation |
Unit of | Villeta Group |
Underlies | Une Formation |
Overlies | Las Juntas Formation |
Thickness | up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Organic shale |
Other | Limestone, sandstone |
Location | |
Coordinates | 4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°WCoordinates: 4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°W |
Region | Altiplano Cundiboyacense Eastern Ranges, Andes |
Country | ![]() |
Type section | |
Named for | Fómeque |
Named by | Hubach |
Location | Fómeque |
Year defined | 1957 |
Coordinates | 4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°W |
Region | Cundinamarca, Boyacá |
Country | ![]() |
![]() Paleogeography of Northern South America 120 Ma, by Ron Blakey |
The Fómeque Formation (Spanish: Formación Fómeque, Kif) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly organic shale formation dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Barremian to Late Aptian epochs and has a maximum thickness of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft).
Etymology[]
The formation was defined and named in 1957 by Hubach after Fómeque, Cundinamarca.[1]
Description[]
Lithologies[]
The Fómeque Formation has a maximum thickness of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft), and is characterised by a sequence of pyritic , with limestones and sandstone banks intercalated in the formation. The Fómeque Formation contains high values of TOC.[2] Fossils of , , , Olcostephanus sp., have been found in the formation.[3]
Stratigraphy and depositional environment[]
The Fómeque Formation overlies the Las Juntas Formation and is overlain by the Une Formation. The age has been estimated to be Barremian to Late Aptian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the . The formation has been deposited in a shallow marine environment.[2]
Outcrops[]
![Fómeque Formation is located in the Bogotá savanna](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sabana_de_Bogota.png/250px-Sabana_de_Bogota.png)
![Fómeque Formation Fómeque Formation](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png)
The Fómeque Formation is apart from its type locality, found in other parts of the Eastern Ranges.
Regional correlations[]
Age | Paleomap | VMM | Guaduas-Vélez | W Emerald Belt | Villeta anticlinal | Chiquinquirá- Arcabuco |
Tunja- Duitama |
Altiplano Cundiboyacense | El Cocuy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maastrichtian | ![]() |
eroded | Guaduas | ||||||||||
Guadalupe | |||||||||||||
Campanian | |||||||||||||
Oliní | |||||||||||||
Santonian | - | ||||||||||||
Coniacian | Oliní | Conejo | Chipaque | ||||||||||
Loma Gorda | undefined | La Frontera | |||||||||||
Turonian | ![]() |
Hondita | La Frontera | ||||||||||
Cenomanian | hiatus | Simijaca | |||||||||||
Pacho Fm. | Hiló - Pacho | Une | |||||||||||
Albian | ![]() |
Hiló | Une | ||||||||||
Capotes - - | |||||||||||||
Aptian | Capotes | Socotá - El Peñón | Paja | Fómeque | |||||||||
Paja | Paja | El Peñón | Trincheras | ||||||||||
La Naveta | |||||||||||||
Barremian | ![]() | ||||||||||||
Hauterivian | Las Juntas | ||||||||||||
Rosablanca | Ritoque | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | Ritoque | - Murca | Rosablanca | hiatus | Macanal | ||||||||
Rosablanca | |||||||||||||
Berriasian | ![]() |
Guavio | |||||||||||
Arcabuco | |||||||||||||
Sources |
Ma | Age | Paleomap | Regional events | proximal Llanos | distal Llanos | Environments | Maximum thickness | Petroleum geology | Notes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.01 | Holocene | ![]() |
Holocene volcanism Seismic activity |
alluvium | Overburden | ||||||||
1 | Pleistocene | ![]() |
Pleistocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 Glaciations |
Soatá Sabana |
Alluvial to fluvial (Guayabo) | 550 m (1,800 ft) (Guayabo) |
[4][5][6][7] | ||||||
2.6 | Pliocene | ![]() |
Pliocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 GABI |
Subachoque | |||||||||
5.3 | Messinian | Andean orogeny 3 Foreland |
Marichuela | Honda | [6][8] | ||||||||
13.5 | Langhian | Regional flooding | hiatus | Lacustrine (León) | 400 m (1,300 ft) (León) |
Seal | [7][9] | ||||||
16.2 | Burdigalian | Miocene inundations Andean orogeny 2 |
Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C1) | 850 m (2,790 ft) (Carbonera) |
Reservoir | [8][7] | |||||||
17.3 | Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2) | Seal | |||||||||||
19 | Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3) | Reservoir | |||||||||||
21 | Early Miocene | Pebas wetlands | Barzalosa | Distal fluvio-deltaic (C4) | Seal | ||||||||
23 | Late Oligocene | ![]() |
Andean orogeny 1 Foredeep |
Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C5) | Reservoir | [5][8] | |||||||
25 | Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6) | Seal | |||||||||||
28 | Early Oligocene | Proximal deltaic-marine (C7) | Reservoir | [5][8][10] | |||||||||
32 | Oligo-Eocene | Usme | onlap | Marine-deltaic (C8) | Seal Source |
[10] | |||||||
35 | Late Eocene | ![]() |
Coastal (Mirador) | 240 m (790 ft) (Mirador) |
Reservoir | [7][11] | |||||||
40 | Middle Eocene | Regadera | hiatus | ||||||||||
45 | |||||||||||||
50 | Early Eocene | ![]() |
Deltaic (Los Cuervos) | 260 m (850 ft) (Los Cuervos) |
Seal Source |
[7][11] | |||||||
55 | Late Paleocene | PETM 2000 ppm CO2 |
Bogotá | ||||||||||
60 | Early Paleocene | SALMA | Barco | Guaduas | Fluvial (Barco) | 225 m (738 ft) (Barco) |
Reservoir | [4][5][8][7][12] | |||||
65 | Maastrichtian | ![]() |
KT extinction | Guadalupe | Deltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe) | 750 m (2,460 ft) (Guadalupe) |
Reservoir | [4][7] | |||||
72 | Campanian | End of rifting | [7][13] | ||||||||||
83 | Santonian | Villeta/Güagüaquí | |||||||||||
86 | Coniacian | ||||||||||||
89 | Turonian | Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event | Chipaque | Gachetá | hiatus | Restricted marine (all) | 500 m (1,600 ft) (Gachetá) |
Source | [4][7][14] | ||||
93 | Cenomanian | ![]() |
Rift 2 | ||||||||||
100 | Albian | Une | Une | Caballos | Deltaic (Une) | 500 m (1,600 ft) (Une) |
Reservoir | [8][14] | |||||
113 | Aptian | ![]() |
Fómeque | Open marine (Fómeque) | 800 m (2,600 ft) (Fómeque) |
Source (Fóm) | [5][7][15] | ||||||
125 | Barremian | High biodiversity | Paja | Shallow to open marine (Paja) | 940 m (3,080 ft) (Paja) |
Reservoir | [4] | ||||||
129 | Hauterivian | ![]() |
Rift 1 | Las Juntas | hiatus | Deltaic (Las Juntas) | 910 m (2,990 ft) (Las Juntas) |
Reservoir (LJun) | [4] | ||||
133 | Valanginian | Macanal Rosablanca |
Restricted marine (Macanal) | 2,935 m (9,629 ft) (Macanal) |
Source (Mac) | [5][16] | |||||||
140 | Berriasian | Girón | |||||||||||
145 | Tithonian | Break-up of Pangea | Arcabuco | Alluvial, fluvial (Buenavista) | 110 m (360 ft) (Buenavista) |
"Jurassic" | [8][17] | ||||||
150 | Early-Mid Jurassic | ![]() |
Passive margin 2 | La Quinta | Noreán |
hiatus | Coastal tuff (La Quinta) | 100 m (330 ft) (La Quinta) |
[18] | ||||
201 | Late Triassic | ![]() |
[8] | ||||||||||
235 | Early Triassic | ![]() |
Pangea | hiatus | "Paleozoic" | ||||||||
250 | Permian | ![]() |
|||||||||||
300 | Late Carboniferous | ![]() |
Famatinian orogeny | () |
[19] | ||||||||
340 | Early Carboniferous | Fossil fish Romer's gap |
Cuche (355-385) |
() |
Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche) | 900 m (3,000 ft) (Cuche) |
|||||||
360 | Late Devonian | ![]() |
Passive margin 1 | Río Cachirí (360-419) |
() |
Alluvial-fluvial-reef (Farallones) | 2,400 m (7,900 ft) (Farallones) |
[16][20][21][22][23] | |||||
390 | Early Devonian | ![]() |
High biodiversity | Floresta (387-400) |
Shallow marine (Floresta) | 600 m (2,000 ft) (Floresta) |
|||||||
410 | Late Silurian | ||||||||||||
425 | Early Silurian | hiatus | |||||||||||
440 | Late Ordovician | ![]() |
Rich fauna in Bolivia | (450-490) |
() |
||||||||
470 | Early Ordovician | First fossils | (>470±22) |
() |
() |
() |
[24][25][26] | ||||||
488 | Late Cambrian | ![]() |
Regional intrusions | (490-515) |
() |
() |
(490-590) |
() |
[27][28] | ||||
515 | Early Cambrian | Cambrian explosion | [26][29] | ||||||||||
542 | Ediacaran | ![]() |
Break-up of Rodinia | pre-Quetame | post-Parguaza | () |
Yellow: allochthonous basement (Chibcha Terrane) Green: autochthonous basement (Río Negro-Juruena Province) |
Basement | [30][31] | ||||
600 | Neoproterozoic | ![]() |
Cariri Velhos orogeny | (600-1400) |
pre-Guaviare | [27] | |||||||
800 | ![]() |
Snowball Earth | [32] | ||||||||||
1000 | Mesoproterozoic | ![]() |
Sunsás orogeny | (1000) |
(1030-1100) |
[33][34][35][36] | |||||||
1300 | pre-Ariarí | (1300-1400) |
(1180-1550) |
[37] | |||||||||
1400 | ![]() |
pre-Bucaramanga | [38] | ||||||||||
1600 | Paleoproterozoic | (1500-1700) |
pre-Garzón | [39] | |||||||||
1800 | ![]() |
(1800) |
[37][39] | ||||||||||
1950 | pre-Mitú | [37] | |||||||||||
2200 | Columbia | ||||||||||||
2530 | Archean | ![]() |
[37] | ||||||||||
3100 | Kenorland | ||||||||||||
Sources |
- Legend
- group
- important formation
- fossiliferous formation
- minor formation
- (age in Ma)
- proximal Llanos (Medina)[note 1]
- distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)[note 2]
See also[]
Geology of the Eastern Hills
Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Notes[]
References[]
- ^ Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.52
- ^ a b Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.53
- ^ Caicedo et al., 2002, p.29
- ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.27
- ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.50
- ^ a b García González et al., 2009, p.85
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Barrero et al., 2007, p.60
- ^ a b c d e f g h Barrero et al., 2007, p.58
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.29
- ^ a b Plancha 177, 2015, p.39
- ^ a b Plancha 111, 2001, p.26
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.24
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.23
- ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.32
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.30
- ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.21-26
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.28
- ^ Correa Martínez et al., 2019, p.49
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.27
- ^ Terraza et al., 2008, p.22
- ^ Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.26
- ^ Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
- ^ Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
- ^ Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
- ^ a b Plancha 303, 2002, p.24
- ^ a b Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
- ^ Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25
- ^ Plancha 350, 2011, p.49
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.17-21
- ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.13
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.23
- ^ Plancha 348, 2015, p.38
- ^ Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35
- ^ Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
- ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.21
- ^ a b c d Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
- ^ Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
- ^ a b Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22
- ^ a b Duarte et al., 2019
- ^ García González et al., 2009
- ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001
- ^ García González et al., 2009, p.60
Bibliography[]
- Mapa Geológico del Departamento de Cundinamarca - 1:250,000 - Memoria explicativa, 1–108. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-04-26. , and . 2002.
- Mapa Geológico de Colombia - Compilación geológica y fotogeológica de la Plancha 265 - Icononzo - Escala 1:100,000 - Memoria Explicativa, 1–84. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-10-12. ; , and . 2002.
- Universidad Industrial de Santander. ; ; , and . 2009. Informe Ejecutivo - evaluación del potencial hidrocarburífero de las cuencas colombianas, 1-219.
- Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM). . 2012. Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia, 161–216.
Maps[]
- Plancha 172 - Paz de Río - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06. ; , and . 1998.
- Plancha 192 - Laguna de Tota - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06. ; , and . 1998.
- Plancha 193 - Yopal - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06. . 1992.
- Plancha 209 - Zipaquirá - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06. , and . 2009.
- Plancha 210 - Guateque - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06. ; ; ; , and . 2010.
- Plancha 211 - Tauramena - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06. , and . 2009.
- Plancha 228 - Santafé de Bogotá Noreste - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06. ; , and . 1998.
- Plancha 265 - Icononzo - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06. ; , and . 1999.
- Plancha 266 - Villavicencio - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-06-06. ; , and . 1998.
External links[]
- Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000, 1. Servicio Geológico Colombiano. Accessed 2017-03-16. ; ; , and . 2015.
- Geologic formations of Colombia
- Cretaceous Colombia
- Lower Cretaceous Series of South America
- Barremian Stage
- Aptian Stage
- Shale formations
- Shallow marine deposits
- Source rock formations
- Mining in Colombia
- Altiplano Cundiboyacense
- Geography of Cundinamarca Department
- Geography of Boyacá Department
- Muysccubun