Barzalosa Formation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Barzalosa Formation
Stratigraphic range: ~Mid Eocene-Oligocene
or Oligocene-Early Miocene
~40–20 Ma
Pg
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesHonda Gp.,
Overlies, Olini Gp.,
Thickness~360 m (1,180 ft)
Lithology
PrimaryConglomerates
OtherSandstones, siltstones, shale, gypsum
Location
Coordinates4°21′50.2″N 74°47′29.8″W / 4.363944°N 74.791611°W / 4.363944; -74.791611Coordinates: 4°21′50.2″N 74°47′29.8″W / 4.363944°N 74.791611°W / 4.363944; -74.791611
Approximate paleocoordinates2°42′N 71°12′W / 2.7°N 71.2°W / 2.7; -71.2
Region
Central & Eastern Ranges
 Andes
Country Colombia
Type section
Named forBarzalosa
Named byScheibe
LocationGirardot
Year defined1934
Coordinates4°21′50.2″N 74°47′29.8″W / 4.363944°N 74.791611°W / 4.363944; -74.791611
RegionCundinamarca
Country Colombia
Blakey 035Ma - COL.jpg
Paleogeography of Northern South America
35 Ma, by Ron Blakey

The Barzalosa Formation (Spanish: Formación Barzalosa, Pgb, Pgba) is a fossiliferous geological formation of the and the bounding foothills of the Central Ranges and Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of conglomerates, sandstones and siltstones. The Barzalosa Formation probably dates to the Late Paleogene to Early Neogene period; Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, and has an approximate thickness of 360 metres (1,180 ft). Fossils of Balanerodus logimus, , Xenastrapotherium chaparralensis, and have been uncovered from the formation in Chaparral, Tolima.

Etymology[]

The formation was defined by Scheibe in 1934 and named after Barzalosa, a vereda of Girardot, Cundinamarca. Cáceres and Etayo elevated the "Pisos de Barzalosa" to a formation in 1969.[1]

Description[]

Lithologies[]

The Barzalosa Formation consists of conglomerates, sandstones and siltstones.[2] In parts, the formation contains shale beds and gypsum.[3]

Stratigraphy and depositional environment[]

The approximately 360 metres (1,180 ft) thick Barzalosa Formation overlies the Olini Group and the in the west and is overlain by the Honda Group.[2] In the east towards Fusagasugá, the formation overlies the and is overlain by the .[4] As the formation does not contain foraminifera, the age is difficult to establish, but has been estimated to be Oligocene to Early Miocene,[2] or Middle Eocene to Oligocene.[5] The depositional environment has been interpreted as alluvial fans and braided rivers.[6]

Fossil content[]

Location Department Fossils Notes
Alto San José, Chaparral Tolima Balanerodus logimus
[7]
[8]
Xenastrapotherium chaparralensis
[9]
[10]
[11]
, Gavialidae indet.
[12]

Outcrops[]

Barzalosa Formation is located in the Bogotá savanna
Barzalosa Formation
Type locality of the Barzalosa Formation to the southwest of the Bogotá savanna

The Barzalosa Formation is apart from its type locality found in Tocaima and to the east of Agua de Dios,[1] and on the western side of the Magdalena River around Chaparral, Tolima.[12]

Regional correlations[]

Stratigraphy of the Llanos Basin and surrounding provinces
Ma Age Paleomap Regional events proximal Llanos distal Llanos Environments Maximum thickness Petroleum geology Notes
0.01 Holocene
Blakey 000Ma - COL.jpg
 Holocene volcanism
Seismic activity		 alluvium Overburden
1 Pleistocene
Blakey Pleist - COL.jpg
 Pleistocene volcanism
Andean orogeny 3
Glaciations		 Soatá
Sabana
Alluvial to fluvial (Guayabo) 550 m (1,800 ft)
(Guayabo)		 [13][14][15][16]
2.6 Pliocene
Blakey 020Ma - COL.jpg
 Pliocene volcanism
Andean orogeny 3
GABI		 Subachoque
5.3 Messinian Andean orogeny 3
Foreland		 Marichuela Honda [15][17]
13.5 Langhian Regional flooding hiatus Lacustrine (León) 400 m (1,300 ft)
(León)		 Seal [16][18]
16.2 Burdigalian Miocene inundations
Andean orogeny 2		 Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C1) 850 m (2,790 ft)
(Carbonera)		 Reservoir [17][16]
17.3 Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2) Seal
19 Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3) Reservoir
21 Early Miocene Pebas wetlands Barzalosa Distal fluvio-deltaic (C4) Seal
23 Late Oligocene
Blakey 035Ma - COL.jpg
 Andean orogeny 1
Foredeep		 Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C5) Reservoir [14][17]
25 Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6) Seal
28 Early Oligocene Proximal deltaic-marine (C7) Reservoir [14][17][19]
32 Oligo-Eocene Usme onlap Marine-deltaic (C8) Seal
Source		 [19]
35 Late Eocene
Blakey 050Ma - COL.jpg
 Coastal (Mirador) 240 m (790 ft)
(Mirador)		 Reservoir [16][20]
40 Middle Eocene Regadera hiatus
45
50 Early Eocene
Blakey 065Ma - COL.jpg
 Deltaic (Los Cuervos) 260 m (850 ft)
(Los Cuervos)		 Seal
Source		 [16][20]
55 Late Paleocene PETM
2000 ppm CO2		 Bogotá
60 Early Paleocene SALMA Barco Guaduas Fluvial (Barco) 225 m (738 ft)
(Barco)		 Reservoir [13][14][17][16][21]
65 Maastrichtian
Blakey 090Ma - COL.jpg
 KT extinction Guadalupe Deltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe) 750 m (2,460 ft)
(Guadalupe)		 Reservoir [13][16]
72 Campanian End of rifting [16][22]
83 Santonian Villeta/Güagüaquí
86 Coniacian
89 Turonian Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event Chipaque Gachetá hiatus Restricted marine (all) 500 m (1,600 ft)
(Gachetá)		 Source [13][16][23]
93 Cenomanian
Blakey 105Ma - COL.jpg
 Rift 2
100 Albian Une Une Caballos Deltaic (Une) 500 m (1,600 ft)
(Une)		 Reservoir [17][23]
113 Aptian
Blakey 120Ma - COL.jpg
 Fómeque Open marine (Fómeque) 800 m (2,600 ft)
(Fómeque)		 Source (Fóm) [14][16][24]
125 Barremian High biodiversity Paja Shallow to open marine (Paja) 940 m (3,080 ft)
(Paja)		 Reservoir [13]
129 Hauterivian
Blakey 150Ma - COL.jpg
 Rift 1 Las Juntas hiatus Deltaic (Las Juntas) 910 m (2,990 ft)
(Las Juntas)		 Reservoir (LJun) [13]
133 Valanginian
Macanal
Rosablanca		 Restricted marine (Macanal) 2,935 m (9,629 ft)
(Macanal)		 Source (Mac) [14][25]
140 Berriasian Girón
145 Tithonian Break-up of Pangea Arcabuco
Alluvial, fluvial (Buenavista) 110 m (360 ft)
(Buenavista)		 "Jurassic" [17][26]
150 Early-Mid Jurassic
Blakey 170Ma - COL.jpg
 Passive margin 2 La Quinta

Noreán		 hiatus Coastal tuff (La Quinta) 100 m (330 ft)
(La Quinta)		 [27]
201 Late Triassic
Blakey 200Ma - COL.jpg
 [17]
235 Early Triassic
237 Ma orogenies reconstruction.jpg
 Pangea hiatus "Paleozoic"
250 Permian
280 Ma plate tectonic reconstruction.png
300 Late Carboniferous
Laurasia 330Ma.jpg
 Famatinian orogeny
()		 [28]
340 Early Carboniferous Fossil fish
Romer's gap		 Cuche
(355-385)
()		 Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche) 900 m (3,000 ft)
(Cuche)
360 Late Devonian
380 Ma plate tectonic reconstruction.png
 Passive margin 1 Río Cachirí
(360-419)
()		 Alluvial-fluvial-reef (Farallones) 2,400 m (7,900 ft)
(Farallones)		 [25][29][30][31][32]
390 Early Devonian
Gondwana 420 Ma.png
 High biodiversity Floresta
(387-400)
 Shallow marine (Floresta) 600 m (2,000 ft)
(Floresta)
410 Late Silurian
425 Early Silurian hiatus
440 Late Ordovician
Middle Ordovician South Polar paleogeography - 460 Ma.png
 Rich fauna in Bolivia
(450-490)
()
470 Early Ordovician First fossils
(>470±22)
()
()

()

Venado
(470-475)
 [33][34][35]
488 Late Cambrian
ক্যাম্ব্রিয়ান৫০.png
 Regional intrusions
(490-515)
()
()
(490-590)
()		 [36][37]
515 Early Cambrian Cambrian explosion [35][38]
542 Ediacaran
Positions of ancient continents, 550 million years ago.jpg
 Break-up of Rodinia pre-Quetame post-Parguaza
()		 Yellow: allochthonous basement
(Chibcha Terrane)
Green: autochthonous basement
(Río Negro-Juruena Province)		 Basement [39][40]
600 Neoproterozoic
Rodinia reconstruction.jpg
 Cariri Velhos orogeny
(600-1400)		 pre-Guaviare [36]
800
Pannotia - 2.png
 Snowball Earth [41]
1000 Mesoproterozoic
Paleoglobe NO 1260 mya.gif
 Sunsás orogeny
(1000)
(1030-1100)		 [42][43][44][45]
1300 pre-Ariarí
(1300-1400)
(1180-1550)		 [46]
1400
Paleoglobe NO 1590 mya-vector-colors.svg
 pre-Bucaramanga [47]
1600 Paleoproterozoic
(1500-1700)		 pre-Garzón [48]
1800
2050ma.png
(1800)		 [46][48]
1950 pre-Mitú [46]
2200 Columbia
2530 Archean
Kenorland.jpg
 [46]
3100 Kenorland
Sources
Legend
  • group
  • important formation
  • fossiliferous formation
  • minor formation
  • (age in Ma)
  • proximal Llanos (Medina)[note 1]
  • distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)[note 2]


See also[]

Featured article candidate Geology of the Eastern Hills
C-Class article Middle Magdalena Valley
C-Class article Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

Notes[]

  1. ^ based on Duarte et al. (2019)[49], García González et al. (2009),[50] and geological report of Villavicencio[51]
  2. ^ based on Duarte et al. (2019)[49] and the hydrocarbon potential evaluation performed by the UIS and in 2009[52]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Acosta et al., 2002, p.49
  2. ^ a b c Acosta et al., 2002, p.50
  3. ^ Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.56
  4. ^ Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.52
  5. ^ Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.57
  6. ^ Acosta et al., 2002, p.51
  7. ^ Balanerodus logimus in the Paleobiology Database
  8. ^ Lophiodolodus chaparralensis in the Paleobiology Database
  9. ^ Xenastrapotherium chaparralensis in the Paleobiology Database
  10. ^ Protheosodon in the Paleobiology Database
  11. ^ Proadinotherium in the Paleobiology Database
  12. ^ a b Chaparral Alto José in the Paleobiology Database
  13. ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.27
  14. ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.50
  15. ^ a b García González et al., 2009, p.85
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Barrero et al., 2007, p.60
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h Barrero et al., 2007, p.58
  18. ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.29
  19. ^ a b Plancha 177, 2015, p.39
  20. ^ a b Plancha 111, 2001, p.26
  21. ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.24
  22. ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.23
  23. ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.32
  24. ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.30
  25. ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.21-26
  26. ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.28
  27. ^ Correa Martínez et al., 2019, p.49
  28. ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.27
  29. ^ Terraza et al., 2008, p.22
  30. ^ Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55
  31. ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.26
  32. ^ Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
  33. ^ Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
  34. ^ Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
  35. ^ a b Plancha 303, 2002, p.24
  36. ^ a b Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
  37. ^ Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25
  38. ^ Plancha 350, 2011, p.49
  39. ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.17-21
  40. ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.13
  41. ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.23
  42. ^ Plancha 348, 2015, p.38
  43. ^ Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35
  44. ^ Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
  45. ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.21
  46. ^ a b c d Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
  47. ^ Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
  48. ^ a b Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22
  49. ^ a b Duarte et al., 2019
  50. ^ García González et al., 2009
  51. ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001
  52. ^ García González et al., 2009, p.60

Bibliography[]

  • Acosta, Jorge E.; Rafael Guatame; Juan Carlos Caicedo A., and Jorge Ignacio Cárdenas. 2002. Mapa Geológico de Colombia - Plancha 245 - Girardot - 1:100,000 - Memoria Explicativa, 1–92. INGEOMINAS.
  • Acosta, Jorge E., and Carlos E. Ulloa. 2001. Mapa Geológico de Colombia - Plancha 246 - Fusagasugá - 1:100,000 - Memoria Explicativa, 1–77. INGEOMINAS.

Maps[]

Retrieved from ""