National anthem of Afghanistan

National anthems of Afghanistan
The Royal Salute 1926–1943  The Grand Salute 1943–1973  Millī Surūd 1973–1978  Become hotter, become hotter 1978–1992  Fortress of Islam, Heart of Asia 1992–1996  None (Music Prohibited) 1996–2001  Fortress of Islam, Heart of Asia 2001–2006  Millī Surūd 2006–2021  This is the Home of the Brave 2021–
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Afghanistan has had a number of different national anthems throughout its history.

History[]

The Royal Salute (1926–1943)[]

Afghanistan's first national anthem was adopted during its period as a monarchy. It was instrumental and had no lyrics.^[1]

Grand Salute (Our Brave and Noble King) (1943–1973)[]

This was Afghanistan's second national anthem, during when it was a monarchy.^[2]

National anthem of the Republic Of Afghanistan (1973–1978)[]

Become Hot, Become More Hot (1978–1992)[]

Another national anthem was adopted after the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was set up in 1978. Its lyrics were written by Sulaiman Layeq on behalf of the government of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) headed by Nur Muhammad Taraki, who decided to change the national symbols after the Marxist coup d'état of 1978.^[3][4][5] The music was composed by and was arranged by Ustad Salim Sarmad.^[6][7] It is known alternatively by the title of "Garam shah lā garam shah" (English: "Become Hot, Become More Hot"), which is also the song's incipit. Like many national anthems, it was sometimes sung abbreviated, with only the chorus and the first stanza. In 1987, Afghanistan officially abandoned communism, but this song was kept as the national anthem until 1992, when it was discontinued.

Fortress of Islam, Heart of Asia (1992–1996, 2002–2006)[]

From 1992 to 2006, Afghanistan used a mujahideen battle song composed in 1919 by Ustad Qasim as its national anthem.^[8][9] It is also known alternatively by the title "Fortress of Islam, Heart of Asia" (Persian: قلعه اسلام قلب اسیا‎), which is also the song's incipit.^[10][11][12]

The song was reintroduced by the new transitional government of Afghanistan in 2002;^[13] it remained such when the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was established in 2004 and was used by the latter until 2006.^[14][15]

This is the Home of the Brave (1996–2001, 2021-)[]

During the late 1990s, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan under the Taliban took control over most of Afghanistan from the UN-recognized government and ruled most of the country until late 2001. The Taliban did not have formal laws specifying its symbols, including the flag and the anthem. A musicless nasheed song named This is the Home of the Brave was used in its media and official ceremonies, serving as a de facto national anthem.

This is something that was intended to be imposed as an official anthem, but actually, it is not.

The Doha theory dates back to 2013 when the Taliban opened an office (an almost illegal embassy) in Qatar and at the time of raising their flag, someone played the recording of the nasheed "Da de batarano kor". This theory states that this is the official anthem, clashing with the more recent and more promoted Pakistani media theory, circulating on YouTube, Facebook and in the Pakistani media. According which, the nasheed is no longer being used after 8 years for the violent content in its lyrics, using instead "Paka irada pak maw murad", a more peaceful and moderate text set to the tune of the Pakistan anthem, in order to seek international recognition^{[16][17][18][19]}. However, the Pakmedia theory is not massively supported in the Western World. At the 2021 Shpageeza Cricket League Draft ceremony, no anthem was played, while both the Islamic Republic tricolor flag and the Islamic Emirate white flag were present^[20].

The lyrics of "Paka irada pak maw murad" are translated as follows^[21]:

ہمارا ارادہ بھی پاک ہے اور مقصد بھی پاک۔

اور ہمارا شعار جہاد ہے۔

ہمارے سر اور مال اس پہ قربان ہیں کیونکہ ہمسچے مسلمان ہیں۔

ایک پیغمبر اور امام ہے اور دین روشن اسلام ہے۔

ہم کفر اور الہاد کو درمیان سے نکالتے ہیں ہمارا

اور یہ ہمیشہ زندہ باد رہے۔

ہماری ایک آواز اور ایک طاقت امارات ہے

ہمارا سفید جھنڈا اور نشان ہے ہمارا روشن عقیدہ اور روشن قرآن ہے ایک مقصد اور ایک امیر ہے اور اس پہ اعتماد ہے.

Paka aridata pak maw murad,

Pak laru shi'ar da al jihad,

Ser awmal maw di pah din qurpan, yawm galg moselman,

Tal lah manhah wauru kufar ilhad.

Yaw maw pigmbar yaw maw Imam,

Ham mu di spithala din Islam,

Yawm awaz yawm qawat Imarat, Imarat,

Wee di tal tartala zindahbad.

Spin mo dei bairag spin maw nishan,

Spinoh a'qida aw spin Quran,

Yaw laru hadag aw yaw masir, yaw maw dei Amir,

Kru pri sel fisadah i'timad.

Our intentions and goals are pure and Jihad is our goal.

We sacrifice our heads and wealths because we are all Muslims

There is a Prophet, an Imam and the enlightened Islam.

Let's get out disbelief and atheism from our midst,

And may it live forever!

We have one voice and power, the Emirate

Our white flag is symbol of our enlighted faith

The enlighted Qur'an has a rich and trustworthy goal.

National anthem of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2006–2021)[]

A new National Anthem (Persian: سرود ملی‎ - Surūd-e Millī, Pashto: ملی سرود‎ - Millī Surūd; lit. 'National anthem') was adopted and officially announced as such by a Loya Jirga in May 2006. According to Article 20 of the Afghan constitution, the national anthem shall be in Pashto with the mention of "God is Greatest" as well as the names of the ethnicities in Afghanistan.^[22] The lyrics were written by Abdul Bari Jahani, and the music was written by German–Afghan composer  [de].^[23]

See also[]

• List of former national anthems
• Music of Afghanistan

References[]

External links[]

This article contains Pashto text. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined letters or other symbols instead of Pashto script.

• Media related to National anthems of Afghanistan at Wikimedia Commons
• 1992 to 2006 Afghan national anthem
• 1992 to 2006 Afghan national anthem